本研究以國小中重度智能障礙兒童之身體平衡技能為主軸，企圖運用體育融入特教教學方式，發展健康與體育領域中表現型體操運動項目之課程教案，並提供未來非特殊教育與體育專長教師在教學上的應用與參酌。
方法：採個案研究法，以圖示法與持續比較法輔助的方式，共招攬南部某公立國小4名集中式特教班的中重度智能障礙兒童參與研究。依據智能障礙程度、肢體動作情形分成實驗組與對照組，兩組在正常一週兩節的體育課進行下，實驗組以課餘時間額外增加每周80分鐘體操平衡課程，共計9週。運用兒童平衡量表於課程前、介入後每3週各測量1次，共收集4次兒童平衡量表測驗結果、課堂錄影、教學者文字紀錄等資料，分析國小中重度智能障礙兒童之身體平衡技能成熟度。
綜合本研究結果提出以下結論：一、體操平衡技能課程比一般體育課程更能增進國小中重度智能障礙兒童平衡技能，但兩種課程皆有助益。二、體操平衡技能課程介入後，實驗組研究參與者比對照組更明顯增進平衡技能動作的協調性與穩定性。三、滾翻、支撐、平衡三項體操元素幫助研究參與者提升對身體動作姿勢的掌握度與策略調整。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective P.E. teaching, such as balance in gymnastics, for the children with moderate or severe intellectual disability.
Methods: A qualitative case study approach was used in this research. A total of 4 children with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities from the Self-Contained special education classroom in a southern public elementary school in Taiwan were recruited. According to the degree of the mental disabilities, 4 students were divided into two groups. Balance in Gymnastics lesson was applied as an add-on course in the experimental group while general P.E. lesson was applied to both experimental and control group. The Add-on course contained 80-min balance training lesson in the intensive 9 weeks programme. Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was used as assessment to evaluate the improvement of balance skills. Data was analyzed by using the descriptive analysis and constant comparative method.
Conclusions:
1. It was showed that the add-on course, such as balance in gymnastics, was more efficient to help the children to improve their balance skills in the experimental group than the children in the control one.
2. The improvements of postural coordination and stability in PBS assessment were found in the experimental group while there was no difference in the control group.
3. The three fundamental skills of balance in gymnastics, such as rolls, front/back support, and dynamic balance were developed in the study. Children in the experimental group were found to develop their adaptability skills and the abilities of postural control.

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