本研究首先探討傳統測量儀器應用於變形監測上之差異，探討的項目包括：用途、特點、精度、誤差…等方向，並提出自動化全測儀（RTS）與衛星定位系統（GPS）於變形監測上之系統誤差修正，再將兩者資料結合實際應用於結構物變形監測。
本研究分為室內實驗與野外應用兩部分進行：室內實驗為修正RTS系統誤差探討不同的天氣狀況及使用玻璃保護窗在不同角度（30°～150°，每隔15°進行測量）與距離（50、60、80、100cm）對RTS資料獲取與成果精度的影響，結果顯示天氣狀況與玻璃窗距離並非影響RTS數據結果之主因，而是因玻璃保護窗的角度與厚度會使得雷射光折射改變路徑，而不同的折射率對RTS資料獲取產生影響，水平角約減少0.1～0.5分，垂直角約介於-0.5～+0.5分，尤以電子測距（Electronic Distance Measurement, EDM）影響最鉅，最大可到7mm，因此，若將RTS置於玻璃保護箱內，獲取的數據需先進行對應修正處理後才能應用監測工程上，可提高資料精度及減少誤差。
另外，在野外實驗方面，本研究針對位於台南市成功大學資源工程學系後方施工中工地旁的大地工程館，利用RTS和GPS進行長期的監測，並將兩者資料結合進行校對及修正後，再和施工階段做分析比對，實驗結果指出，RTS與GPS兩者接收之數據有相同變位趨勢，且資料結果顯示施工項目的改變會影響此結構物之變位幅度，長期趨勢可以發現本實驗之結構物變位朝西北方傾斜，並無明顯沉陷現象。於本研究中之GPS動態解算成果發現，本測試結構物白天時段的振盪頻率比晚間時段高，振盪頻率約在5～6Hz，較一般工程結構物之振動主頻3～4Hz高，且此基線長度因施工項目改變而隨時間增加後縮短長度（798.948m798.934m），當支撐工程完成後，基線變化率也漸趨於穩定，顯示本次建物之輕微傾斜乃受鄰近工地之地下開挖所引起，而此工程上之建物變位監測，在短時間、小變量的狀況下，仍能由測量儀器成功的監測，顯示將GPS結合RTS此監測方法在未來類似案例進行自動化監測的可行性。

This study illustrates the difference of using surveying instruments, robotic total station (RTS) and global positioning system (GPS), in deformation monitoring; such as purposes, characteristics, accuracy, errors…etc. In addition, this study also tries to reduce the errors within data handling processing and demonstrate the feasibility by a real monitoring case.
The experiments of this study could be divided into two parts: laboratory and field test. The laboratory experiment tried to find the measurement deviation of RTS and to correct the systematic errors that produced by the weather condition and glass window of protective box. Test is carried at different distances (50, 60, 80 and 100 cm) and angles (30°~150°,in every 15° to take a survey) are carried out. The results reveal the weather condition and the distances are not the main reasons to affect the signals of RTS but the angles and thickness of glass should be the major cause of such error. Since the index of refraction, it would change the laser path of RTS which cause an extra error. Compare to the normal situation, the horizon angle would reduce about 0.1~0.5’and the vertical angle would change between -0.5~+0.5’. Especially for the signals of electronic distance measurement, it would rise an additional 7mm in length. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust data according to the distances and various shooting angle before applying to any engineering application, if the RTS is located within a protective box.
In field test, the monitor of structure by RTS and GPS is carried out for 3 months periods of time where the building is near to a construction site behind the resource engineering department at NCKU campus in Tainan, and then combined both of data to analyze the deformation and linked with construction records. The evidences show that there is a similar deformed tendency between RTS and GPS. Besides, the change of construction status would affect the attitude of measured deformation. The results show that the structure inclines to the N-W direction, and no subsidence was found. In GPS kinematic analysis, the oscillational frequency of the testing structure in day is higher than in night, is about 5~6 Hz. Besides, the length of the baseline was shortening as time elapsed (798.948m 798.934m). After finishing steel beam supporting for the construction site, the baseline became stable eventually. These results display that the detected inclined deformation of structure is caused by the underground excavation from nearby construction site. In addition, the evidences also show that the surveying instruments are capable in providing reliable and accurate micro-deformation measurements in monitoring and alarming system within short period of time. Therefore, it is possible to apply this technology to other similar cases by using the automatic monitor with surveying equipments in the future.

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