| 研究生: |
區麗貞 Ao, Lai-Cheng |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
RC與加強磚造建築物震害標準之研究與改善 Improvement of Earthquake Damage Evaluation Procedure for RC and Confined Masonry Buildings |
| 指導教授: |
杜怡萱
Tu, Yi-Hsuan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2010 |
| 畢業學年度: | 98 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 303 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 震害 、損害判定基準 、校舍 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | earthquake damage, damage evaluation, school buildings |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:107 下載:3 |
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過去地震後進行現場震害勘災工作,經常採用不同之震害程度標準或震害記錄格式,且基於不同觀察者之解讀方式不一,難以得到客觀且一致之判定結果。因此,本文研究既有震害程度判定方式,建立一套客觀且明確之分級標準。
首先探討既有震害等級標準之內容與特性,分析各標準之優缺點,作為本文建立震害程度分級之基礎。建立新的震害分級標準後,本文利用三座校舍現地試驗試體,觀察試體在推垮過程中各破壞歷程的損壞狀況,驗證本文震害基準表之分級方式與判定項目是否合理,分析結果發現相同震害等級的損害項目分佈接近,各損害項目發生之順序屬合理情況。
本文再以中度地震受損之校舍作為研究對象,探討新建立震害標準對中度損害狀況之鑑別性,研究方式為提供震害資料與照片,請不同填寫者針對各棟校舍填寫本文震害基準表,以填寫之結果探討基準表之明確度與客觀性,結果發現本文基準表判定結果較填寫者個別主觀判定之結果更為集中,不同族群填寫者之結果亦無太大差異。另外本文以此標準與現行內政部營建署鑑定基準對同樣6棟校舍進行判定,發現兩者結果接近且呈現相同之趨勢。
本文最後以新建立之震害等級判定基準表,重新為921校舍震害資料庫判定震害等級,並分析震害等級與結構或強地動變因之關係,其中結構條件包括有無鄰棟及鄰接方式、校舍方位與校舍柱量比。結果發現同向鄰棟、正交長邊鄰棟與獨棟校舍之分佈結果較類似,但正交短邊鄰棟校舍之震害程度多為輕微損壞等級,代表正交短邊鄰棟校舍較其他校舍之抗震力高。此外,排除鄰棟因素後之校舍方位分析中,發現在921集集地震中,校舍損壞程度與方位有明顯關係,以N-S向校舍損壞程度最輕微,而E-W與NW-SE向校舍則較為嚴重。在柱量比與震害程度分析結果中,大致呈現合理趨勢,柱量比越高,震害程度越輕微。
Data collection is an important work in the earthquake reconnaissance. However, major issues were found in the damage data collected from the past earthquakes. Different damage evaluation standards and data formats were used by different inspectors, causing the difficulty and misunderstanding in using these data. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at improving the post-earthquake damage evaluation procedure.
Firstly, several current damage evaluation standards were reviewed. A new damage evaluation procedure was then presented based on the review. The presented procedure was validated by the comparison with 3 in-situ test specimens. The positions of damage conditions on the push over curves and the drift ratio corresponding to each damage state were discussed.
The ability to distinguish moderate damage states of the procedure was also verified by using the data of 10 school buildings damaged during recent earthquakes. Twelve professionals with different backgrounds were asked to evaluate the damage state of the buildings with both their subjective judgments and the presented procedure. The damage states determined by using the presented procedure showed less dispersion and stricter result than the subjective judgments. The procedure results between professionals from different back grounds also showed less difference. The procedure was then compared with current procedure used by the Construction and Planning Agency; the results from the two procedures showed good agreement.
Finally, the presented procedure was applied to an existing databank for school buildings damaged during the Chi-Chi earthquake to revise the damage state. The relationships between the revised damage state and structural factors, including adjacent building condition, building orientation, and column density, were studied. Typical school buildings that had adjacent buildings facing them with the strong axis showed lighter damage state than those that had no adjacent buildings or adjacent buildings facing with the weak axis. The building orientation also showed clear relationship with the damage state in this earthquake. Buildings with the longitudinal axis along the E-W and NW-SE directions had heavier damage than buildings lie in the N-S direction. The relationship between the column density and the damage state was reasonable; the column density decreased as the damage state became heavier.
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