| 研究生: |
許嘉峻 Shu, Chia-Chun |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
集水區降雨誘發土壤沖蝕之探討及其評估模式之建置 Analysis and Construction of Evaluation Model for Rainfall-induced Soil Erosion in Watersheds |
| 指導教授: |
陳景文
Chen, Jing-Wen |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 101 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 111 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 沖蝕釘試驗 、土壤沖蝕 、最佳數值搜尋 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | field erosion pins test, soil erosion, optimum seeking method, universal soil loss equation |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:134 下載:2 |
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近年來由於全球氣候異常,降雨量豐沛且強度集中,加上台灣地形陡峻、坡短流急、表土沖蝕量大。因此,若能針對降雨影響集水區坡地之土壤沖蝕進行持續地觀察監測與分析,將有助於瞭解坡地表土受降雨沖蝕之影響,並進行坡地保護之動作。
土壤沖蝕應屬地域性相關之研究,現階段台灣的土壤沖蝕研究仍顯不足,尚缺乏全台灣土壤沖蝕之現地調查資料。本研究針對全台灣各流域之上游集水區,運用現地沖蝕釘試驗,進行土壤沖蝕的調查及其資料庫的建置,並推算其土壤沖蝕量,再參照試區自然環境,以通用土壤流失公式(USLE)推算土壤沖蝕指數,進而探討不同自然環境下,降雨對土壤沖蝕之影響。另為確認並比較擇定各試區之土壤沖蝕指數,本研究亦針對試區之土樣進行現地及試驗室土壤試驗,並參考水土保持技術規範之室內試驗方法,推估各試區之土壤沖蝕指數。
此外,本研究運用最佳數值搜尋原理之黃金切割法及MATLAB程式平台,探究建構一通用土壤沖蝕評估模式之可行性,本研究所考量之影響土壤沖蝕因子,包括坡度、土質種類、坡向、距水系距離、高程及常態化差異植生指數(NDVI)等共六項因子。
研究結果顯示,現地試區內不論何種土壤特性,當觀測期間之累積雨量增加,則土壤沖蝕量亦有隨之增加的趨勢。在相同觀測期間之累積雨量下,現地試區之地表覆蓋率較高、土壤透水速度越快、表土剪力強度或表土硬度越強,其相對應之土壤沖蝕量則有較小的趨勢;且當現地試區之坡度越陡,其相對應之土壤沖蝕量則有越大的趨勢。結果亦顯示,本研究建構之土壤沖蝕評估模式,其所推算之沖蝕指數與現地量測沖蝕指數間之平均誤差約為30%,優於直接由現地試驗數據經迴歸分析所得結果之約60%平均誤差,因此,本研究建置之評估模式應有其合理之評估能力,期能做為估算全台土壤沖蝕指數之參考。
In recent years, due to global climate anomalies, abundant rainfall and intensity of concentration, and coupled with steep slope and rapid stream, and large amount of soil erosion. Therefore, if the rainfall-induced soil erosion in watersheds can be observed and analyzed continuously. It will help to realize the impact of soil erosion by heavy rainfall on slope land, and action for the protection of the slope.
Soil erosion should be related to regional research, and research of soil erosion in Taiwan is still insufficient at this stage, and lack of site survey data of soil erosion in Taiwan. In this research, we conduct a survey of soil erosion and build the database by field erosion pins test at every upstream watersheds in Taiwan, and calculate the amount of soil erosion, and then we use universal soil loss equation (USLE) to estimate soil erosion index, and also explore the effect of rainfall on soil erosion by different natural conditions. In addition, to confirm and compare to each soil erosion index of the test area, we also do field test and laboratory test with soil sample, and we estimate the soil erosion index of every test area by reference Technical Regulations for Soil and Water Conservation.
In this research, we use golden section search method of optimum seeking method and MATLAB program to explore the feasibility of building a soil erosion model. In this search, we concern the factors of impacting soil erosion, including slope, soil type, slope direction, away from the water distance, elevation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).
The results show that the test area regardless of soil characteristics, when the cumulative rainfall during the observation period increases, also increases soil erosion. In the same cumulative rainfall during the period of observation, the ground surface coverage of the test area is high, and the faster permeable soils, and the stronger of soil hardness and soil shear strength, corresponding amount of soil erosion is small; and when the test area has steeper slope, corresponding amount of soil erosion is larger. The results also show that the construction of this soil erosion research model, the estimation results of erosion index compare to results of site measurements of erosion index, the average error between is about 30%, it's better than the data directly from the in site testing results obtained by regression analysis of the approximately 60% of the average error, therefore, the evaluation model built in this research should have its reasonable assessment capabilities, we hope that this research can be served as a reference for estimating soil erosion index in Taiwan.
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