台灣地區地狹人稠，公路運輸特別的發達，尤其是台灣的路線貨運業者發展的更是成熟，然而近年來由於全球化、自由化的盛行，加上我國於2002年加入世界貿易組織（WTO），大型外國公司（如UPS、Fedex等）陸續進入台灣市場，對於國內運輸環境的影響究竟是如何，將會是本研究想要去瞭解的。

　　本研究將針對國內之汽車路線貨運業之成本函數進行校估，以瞭解目前國內業者的經營績效狀況，以及在外國公司進入國內市場之後，國內業者在經營績效方面是否有顯著的影響。

　　本研究採用非同位性Translog成本函數進行國內汽車路線貨運業者的實證分析，利用民國80年至民國92年之間國內車路線貨運業者之成本會計資料，建立經緯資料（Panel Data）進行成本函數之校估，並根據校估的結果求算各項經濟指標，如：密度報酬值、要素價格成本彈性、要素使用情形、營運特性變數成本彈性、平均成本、邊際成本等經濟指標，用以描述國內汽車路線貨運業的經營狀況，以及國外業者進入國內市場的前後，國內業者在經營績效上面是否具有差異，以判斷開放市場於國外業者對於國內業者是不是有顯著的影響。
主要結論如下：1.汽車路線貨運業的密度經濟值在自由化前後都已經趨近於1了，業者皆已經具有輕微的密度經濟（即規模經濟），自由化對於國內汽車路線貨運業者並沒有受到太大的影響。2.勞動的成本在此產業中佔了相當大的比例，顯示各公司都投入了大量的成本在勞動人口上，顯示業在營運上人員的成本應該做更有效的安排與應用。3.要素間的交叉需求彈性其值都非常小，表示國內汽車路線貨運業各要素之間之彈性都不大，即各要素間的需求都很難去調整。4.國內業者之營運特性成本彈性，在平均載運噸數方面其值皆為負且都小於1，表示國內的汽車路線貨運業有必要在增加其載運的噸數或是減少空車率以降低成本。

　Taiwan is a small area and crewed with many people, so the road-way transport system is most developmental. Especially the less-than-truck-load trucking industry is the classic symbol. However in the past few decades the Globalization and Liberalization had become the most popular trend of world tide, and Taiwan had participated in WTO in 2002. Large foreign companies, such like UPS and Fedex, will join in Taiwan’s market. And if these companies affected the original situation of domestic market is the research want to find out.

　This research used Translog cost function to measure the experimental samples, and using the Penal Date to build the construction. The penal data is 1991-2003 above 10 domestic companies. According to the measure result, we can calculate each economic index, like Return to Density (RTD), Factor Price-Cost Elasticity, Factor used situation, Characters of operation, Average cost and Marginal cost. And use these economic index to indicate the situation of less-than-truck-load trucking industry.

　The major findings: (1) The values of economies of density are all approach to 1 ever before liberalization or after, means the industry has had little scale of economic. So the liberalization has on affection to the domestic industry, (2) The factor of labor occupy a big part of the industry, so companies must make some more efficient strategy about the employee. (3) The values of factor-cost elasticity cross each factor are all very small, means that there are not so much space to adjust cross- factors’ ratio. (4) According to the result of Characters of operation Elasticity, we find that all the value of average load are less then 1 . So the domestic companies need to increase the average load in order to decrease the cost.

英文部分
1.Blomquist, John D. (1993), “The Effect of Deregulation on Motor Carrier firms and Drivers,” unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
2.Caves, D.W., Christensen, L.R. and Tretheway, M.W. (1984), “Economies of Density Versus Economies of Scales: Why Trunk And Local Service Airline Cost Differ”, Rand Journal of Economics, Winter 15(4), p471-489.
3.Christensen, L.R. Jorgenson, D.W. and Lau, L.J. (1973), “Transendental Logarithmic Production Frontier”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.55, p.28-45.
4.Christensen, L.R and Huston, John H., (1986), “A Reexamination of the Cost Structure for Specialized Motor Carriers”, Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol.23, No.4, p339*351.
5.Cornwell, C., Schmidt, P., and Sickles, R.C. (1990), “Production Frontier With Cross-Sectional And Time-series variation in Efficiency Levels”, Journal of Econometrics, 185-200.
6.Cullinane, Kevin, Song, Dong-Wook, Gray, Richard (2002), “A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in Asia: assessing the influence of administrative and ownership structures”, Transportation Research Part A Vol.36 p.743-362.
7.Daughety, Andrew F. and Nelson, Forrest D., (1988), “An econometric Analysis of Change in the Cost and Production Structure of the Trucking Industry, 1953-1982”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.70, No.1, p67-75.
8.Gagne, Robert, (1990), “On the Relevant elasticity Estimates for Cost Structure Analysis of the Trucking Industry”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.72, No.1, p160-164.
9.Farrell, M.J. (1957), “The Measurement of Productive Efficiency”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol.120, p.253-290.
10.Green, William H. (1993), “Econometric Analysis”, Macmillan Publishing Company, Second Edition.
11.Harmatuck, Donald J. (1981), “A Motor Carrier Joint Cost Function”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 15, No.2, p.135-153.
12.Harmatuck, Donald J. (1985), “Short Run Motor Carrier Cost Function for Five Large Common Carriers”, Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol.12, No.3, p.217-223.
13.Harmatuck, Donald J. (1991), “Economics of Scale and Scope in the Motor Carrier Industry”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, p.135-151.
14.Harmatuck, Donald J. (1992), “Motor Carrier Cost Function Comparisons”, Transportation Journal, Vol.31, No.4, p31-46.
15.McCarthy, Patrick S. (2001), “Transportation Economics: Theory and practice- A case study approach”, Blackwell.
16.Ballou, Ronald H. (1992), “Business Logistics Management”, Prentice-Hall International Editions, Third Edition.
17.Schmidt, P. and Sickles, R.C. (1984), “Production frontiers and panel data”,Journal of business & economic statistics, p367-374.
18.Ying, John S., (1990), “Regulatory Reform and Technical Changes: New evidence of Scale Economies in Trucking”, Southern economic Journal, Vol.56, No.4, p996-1009.
中文部分
19.王小娥、吳雅音，「台鐵多元產出成本結構分析」，運輸計畫季刊，第二十二卷第三期，民國82年9月。
20.王小娥、許凱翔，「汽車貨物運輸業成本結構與相關彈性之分析」，運輸計劃季刊，交通部運研所，第三十卷第三期，民國90年9月，
21.林正章、王小娥、陳春益，「公路汽車貨運運價準則檢討修訂之研究」，交通部運研所，民國88年7月。
22.林正章，「貨物運輸網路研究之回顧與展望」，林正章等合著，運輸網路分析，頁33-66，五南出版社，民國90年。
23.林正章，「我國參與國際經貿組織新興經濟議題之規劃與分析：物流服務業現況分析與自由化政策」，行政院經建會，民國93年
24.交通部電信總局，電信自由化政策白皮書，民國91年
25.交通部，九十二年度交通年鑑，民國93年。
26.吳義雄，「金融自由化對台灣十大行庫營運環境與績效之影響」，私立東海大學碩士論文，民國93年
27.溫秀英，「自由化與產業發展」，國策期刊，No.147，民國85年9月
28.蘇雄義，「物流與運籌管理」，華泰文化事業公司，民國89年