本研究之高流動性活性粉砂漿，其流度值可高達200%，且在高溫高壓養護下之抗壓強度亦可達75MPa。比較高流動性活性粉砂漿與環氧樹脂同為修補材料時，在鋼筋之拉力強度與張力黏著強度兩項，高流動性活性粉砂漿明顯優於環氧樹脂。另外，再與高性能混凝土與普通混凝土進行耐火性試驗比較，發現高流動性活性粉砂漿除具有較高之耐火溫度，亦具較大之殘餘抗壓強度，同時由試驗結果得知，在相同之火燒溫度與延時下，相對於高性能混凝土與普通混凝土，高流動性活性粉砂漿具有較低之熱重損失。此外，將高流動性活性粉砂漿與水泥砂漿和高性能混凝土分別施作耐磨性試驗，依ASTM C-944旋轉磨耗試驗結果顯示，高流動性活性粉砂漿之耐磨性雖較具粗骨材之高性能混凝土為弱，但卻比水泥砂漿為強。再從ASTM C-418噴砂試驗結果得知，高流動性活性粉砂漿之耐磨性優於水泥砂漿和高性能混凝土。同樣地，由含砂水流試驗結果顯示，高流動性活性粉砂漿之磨耗率低於抗壓強度32 MPa以下之各種混凝土。最後，由抗壓試驗結果顯示，蜂巢鋁加強高流動性活性粉砂漿之抗壓強度較純高流動性活性粉砂漿為低，但蜂巢鋁加強高流動性活性粉砂漿之極限應變可達0.25，為純高流動性活性粉砂漿極限應變的100倍，故添加蜂巢鋁可增加高流動性活性粉砂漿之延展性，但會降低其抗壓強度。因此，本研究提供一具高抗壓強度與高流動性之活性粉砂漿，不僅為一新型修補材料，而且可作為在混凝土路面和水力結構物之耐磨耗營建材料。

A reactive powder mortar (RPM) with a flow value of 200% and a compressive strength of 75 MPa after 8-hour curing under high temperature and pressure is proposed. The highly flowable RPM as a repair material provides much higher rebar pull-out forces and tensile bond strength in cylinder specimens compared to epoxy resin. By conducting a series of fire resistance tests, it is found that the proposed RPM not only has a higher fire endurance temperature but also possesses a larger residual compressive strength after fire as compared to high performance concrete (HPC) and ordinary concrete (OC). It is also found that the residual compressive strength of RPM decreases with increasing fire duration. Meanwhile, the experimental results of thermogravimetric analyses on RPM, HPC and OC specimens after suffering from the same fire temperature and duration indicate that the total weight loss of RPM is relatively lower, leading to a higher residual compressive strength. In addition, the abrasion resistance of the proposed RPM with high fluidity and compressive strength is evaluated by conducting a series of abrasion tests and then compared to cement mortars and high performance concretes. It is confirmed that the abrasion resistance of RPM measured using the rotating cutter method of ASTM C-944 is weaker than that of high performance concretes with coarse aggregates, but stronger than that of cement mortars. However, the abrasion resistance of RPM is better than cement mortars and high performance concretes when the sandblasting method of ASTM C-418 is used. Also, the abrasion rates of RPM measured from water-borne sand tests are lower than those of concretes with a compressive strength lower than 32 MPa. At the same time, experimental results indicate that the compressive strength of reactive powder mortar reinforced with aluminum honeycombs (AHRPM) is smaller than that of plain reactive powder mortar. But, the ultimate strain of AHRPM could be up to 0.25 which is one hundred times the ultimate strain of RPM. Hence, the introduction of aluminum honeycomb in RPM enhances the ductility of RPM but reduces its compressive strength. As a result, the proposed RPM with high fluidity and compressive strength not only can be used as a repair materials, but also can be used as an abrasion-resistant construction material in concrete pavement and hydraulic structures.

[1] Emmons PH. Concrete repair and maintenance
illustrated: problem analysis, repair strategy and
technologies. Kingston, MA, R.S. Means Company, Inc.,
1993.
[2] Basunbul IA, Gulati AA, Al-Sulaimani GJ, Baluch M.
Repaired reinforced concrete beams. ACI Materials
Journal 1990; 87 (4): 348-354.
[3] Abu-Tair AI, Rigden SR, Burley E. Testing the bond
between repair materials and concrete substrate. ACI
Materials Journal 1996; 93 (6): 553-558.
[4] Saccani A, Magnaghi V. Durability of epoxy resin-
based materials for the repair of damaged
cementitious composites. Cement and Concrete Research
1999; 29: 95-98.
[5] Xiong G, Liu J, Li G, Xie H. A way for improving
interfacial transition zone between concrete
substrate and repair materials. Cement and Concrete
Research 2002; 32: 1877-1881.
[6] Cheyrezy M, Maret V, Frouin L. Microstructural
analysis of reactive powder concretes. Cement and
Concrete Research 1995; 25 (7): 1491-1500.
[7] Richard P, Cheyrezy M. Composition of reactive powder
concretes. Cement and Concrete Research 1995; 25 (7):
1501-1511.
[8] Zanni H, Cheyrezy M, Maret V, Philippot S, Nieto P.
Investigation of hydration and pozzolanic reaction in
reactive powder concrete (RPC) using 29SiNMR. Cement
and Concrete Research 1996; 26 (1): 93-100.
[9] Philippot S, Masse S, Zanni H, Nieto P, Maret V,
Cheyrezy M. 29Si NMR study of hydration and
pozzolanic reactions in reactive powder concretes
(RPC). Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1996; 14: 891-893.

[10] Dugat J, Roux N, Bernier G. Mechanical properties of
reactive powder concretes. Materials and Structures
1996; 29: 233-240.
[11] Roux N, Andrade C, Sanjuan MA. Experimental study of
durability of reactive powder concretes. Journal of
Materials in Civil Engineering 1996; 8 (1): 1-6.
[12] Bonneau O, Lachemi M, Dallaire E, Dugat J, A tcin PC.
Mechanical properties and durability of two
industrial reactive powder concretes. ACI Materials
Journal 1997; 94 (4): 286-290.
[13] Kodur VKR. Fiber Reinforcement for Minimize Spalling
in High Strength Concrete Structural Members Exposed
to Fire. ACI Special Publication 2003; 216: 221-236.
[14] Sanjayan G, and Stocks LJ. Spalling of High-Strength
Silica Fume Concrete in Fire. ACI Materials Journal
1993; 90: 170-173.
[15] Wu B, Su XP, Li H, Yuan J. Effect of High Temperature
on Residual Mechanical Properties of Confined and
Unconfined High-Strength Concrete. ACI Materials
Journal 2002; 99: 399-407.
[16] Ali FA, O'Connor D, Abu-Tair A. Explosive Spalling of
High-Strength Concrete Columns in Fire. Magazine of
Concrete Research 2001; 53: 197-204.
[17] Hernandez-Olivare F, Barluenga G. Fire Performance of
Recycled Rubber-Filled High-Strength Concrete. Cement
and Concrete Research 2004; 34: 109-117.
[18] Li M, Qian CX, Sun W. Mechanical Properties of High-
Strength Concrete after Fire. Cement and Concrete
Research 2002; 34: 1001-1005.
[19] Han CG, Hwang YS, Yang SH, Gowripalan N. Performance
of Spalling Resistance of High Performance Concrete
with Polypropylene Fiber Contents and Lateral
Confinement. Cement and Concrete Research 2005; 35:
1747-1753.
[20] Kalifa P, Chene G, Galle C. High-Temperature Behavior
of HPC with Polypropylene Fibers from Spalling to
Microstructure. Cement and Concrete Research 2001;
31:1487-1499.
[21] Kalifa P, Menneteau FD, Quenard D. Spalling and Pore
Pressure in HPC at High Temperatures. Cement and
Concrete Research 2000; 30: 1915-1927.
[22] Sakr K, El-Hakim E. Effect of High Temperatures or
Fire on Heavy Weight Concrete Properties. Cement and
Concrete Research 2005; 35: 590-596.
[23] Saad M, Abo-El-Enein SA, Hanna GB, Kotkata MF. Effect
of Temperatures on Physical and Mechanical Properties
of Concrete Containing Silica Fume. Cement and
Concrete Research 1996; 26: 669-675.
[24] Saad M, Abo-El-Enein SA, Hanna GB, Kotkata MF. Effect
of Silica Fume on the Phase Composition and
Microstructure of Thermally Treated Concrete. Cement
and Concrete Research 1996; 26:1479-1484.
[25] Morsy MS, Galal AF, Abo-El-Enein SA. Effect of
Temperatures on Phase Composition and Microstructure
of Artificial Pozzolana-Cement Pastes Containing
Burnt Kaolinite Clay. Cement and Concrete Research
1998; 28: 1157-1163.
[26] Naik TR, Singh SS, Hossain MM. Abrasion resistance of
concrete as influenced by inclusion of fly ash.
Cement and Concrete Research 1994; 24 (2): 303-312.
[27] Naik TR, Singh SS, Hossain MM. Abrasion Resistance of
High-Strength Concrete Made with Class C Fly Ash. ACI
Materials journal 1995; 92 (6): 649-659.
[28] Liu YW, Yen T, Hsu TH. Abrasion erosion of concrete
by water-borne sand. Cement and Concrete Research
2006; 36: 1814-1820.
[29] Yen T, Hsu TH, Liu YW, Chen SH. Influence of class F
fly ah on the abrasion-erosion esistance of high-
strength concrete. Construction and Building
Materials 2007; 21: 458-463.
[30] Liu YW, Improving the abrasion resistance of
hydraulic-concrete containing surface crack by adding
silica fume. Construction and Building Materials
2007; 21: 972-977.
[31] Yen T, Lin ET, Huang WL, Liu YW, Chen SH. The study
of abrasion resistance and mechanism of high-strength
concrete. Taiwan Power Com. 2000.
[32] Fwa TF, Low EW. Laboratory evaluation of wet and dry
abrasion resistance of cement mortar. Cement,
Concrete, and Aggregates, CCAGDP, 1990; 12 (2): 101-
106.
[33] Nataraja MC, Dhang N, Gupta AP. Stress-strain curves
for steel-fiber reinforced concrete under
compression, Cement and Concrete Research 2003; 17:
471-489.
[34] Ding Y, Kusterle W. Compressive stress- strain
relationship of steel fiber reinforced concrete at
early age. Cement and Concrete Research 2000; 30: 471-
489.
[35] Susantha KAS, Ge H, and Usami T. Uniaxial stress-
strain relationship of concrete onfined by various
shaped steel tubes. Engineering Structures 2001; 23:
1331-1347.
[36] Candappa DP, Setunge S, Sanjayan JG. Stress versus
strain relationship of high strength concrete under
high lateral confinement. Cement and Concrete
Research 1999; 29: 471-489.
[37] Chung HS, Yang KH, Lee YH, and Eun HC. Stress- strain
curve of laterally confined concrete. Engineering
Structures 2002; 24: 1153-1163.
[38] Liu CT, Huang JS. Highly flowable reactive powder
mortar as a repair material. Construction and
Building Materials 2007; in press.
[39] El-Jazairi B, Illston JM. The Hydration of Cement
Paste Using the Semi-Isothermal Method of Derivative
Thermogravimetry. Cement and Concrete Research 1980;
10 (3): 361-366.
[40] Heikal M. Effect of temperature on the physico-
mechanical and mineralogical properties of Homra
pozzolanic cement pastes. Cement and Concrete
Research 2000; 30: 1835-1839.
[41] Kalifa P, Menneteau FD, Quenard D. Spalling and Pore
Pressure in HPC at High Temperatures. Cement and
Concrete Research 2000; 30: 1915-1927.

[42] Alarcon-Ruiz L, Platret G, Massieu E, Ehrlacher A.
The Use of Thermal Analysis in Assessing the
Effect of Temperature on a Cement Paste. Cement and
Concrete Research 2005; 35: 609-613.
[43] Wu KT, Liu YW. Influence of surface crack on the
abrasion resistance of concrete. Department of Civil
and Water Resources Engineering National Chiayi
University 2006.
[44] Wang YZ, Liu YW. Analysis of abrasion resistance of
ordinary concrete and high-strength concrete.
Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering
National Chiayi University 2006.
[45] Chu HT, Liu YW. Influence of waterborne sand flow
properties on the abrasion resistance of concrete.
Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering
National Chiayi University 2006.
[46] Gibson LJ, Ashby MF. Cellular solids: structure and
properties, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press 1997.
[47] Dowling NE. Mechanical behavior of materials:
engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and
fatigue, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall International Editions
1999.
[48] Ashby MF., Jones DRH. Engineering Materials: an
introduction to their properties and applications:
International series on materials science and
technology 1974, 34.
[49] ABAQUS Manual Version 5.8 Hibbit, Karlsson and
Sorenson, Inc. Pawtucket, RI, USA, 1995.