| 研究生: |
林進生 Lin, Cheng-Shing |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
品質指標初次合格率在施工上的應用 First Time Pass Ratio, A Quality Measure Applied on Construction |
| 指導教授: |
張行道
Chang, Shing-Tao |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 土木工程學系碩士在職專班 Department of Civil Engineering (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 60 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | ISO 、施工進度表 、品質計畫書 、初次合格率 、品質指標 、績效指標 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | quality measure, performance measurement, FTPR, construction progress, ISO, quality plan |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:151 下載:4 |
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摘 要
營建工程品質一直為大眾所關心,政府部門為確保公共工程品質,多年來提倡ISO品質管理系統、建立品管工程師制度,推動三級品管等。此等措施增加各種品管文件數量,但施工品質似未隨品質文件數量的增加而改善,相反的,在許多工程案例中,繁雜多樣的品質文件耗時耗工,必須增設品管人員處理文件,而該品管人員,卻與工程品質找不出直接關係。如此品管制度,對工程組織實是沉重的負擔。
為了確保工程品質,需要有效的衡量品質優劣。雖然三級品質制度包含了品質評鑑與缺失的相關統計,但因為資料繁雜,或主觀因素等,無法呈現簡單且客觀的品質面貌。
「初次合格率」為工程品質衡量指標,其計算式=檢查項目初次通過數/本期總檢查項目數。此指標資料蒐集容易、品質合格判斷簡單、呈現品質面貌即時、品質項目評比可行,大大簡化三級品管的繁雜。
本研究並以實例驗證,彙整台灣高鐵橋樑工程施工品質管理相關紀錄文件,分別統計各施工作業,例如鋼筋、模板、混凝土、土方,以及各結構單元,基樁、墩柱、帽樑等,在各時間階段的初次合格率。其所呈現的訊息,可清晰地了解各階段施工品質變化,亦可分辨出各項施工作業或各結構單元,本質上要達成所要求品質標準的難易程度。更具建設性的,由初次合格率數字的高低,可以回饋有利於人力配置的調整、品質檢驗表的調整、分包商能力的評估與篩選、工程預警的察覺、標竿學習、凝聚品質共識及組織競爭優勢的辨識。
Construction quality is always concerned by the public. In order to ensure public work quality, the government has advocated ISO quality management system, set up quality control engineer and promoted three-level quality system for many years. These policies have increased the amount of quality documents but not quality. Moreover, many construction companies are forced to add staffs and spend time on tremendous documents. These actions are not found associated with actual quality.
To ensure construction quality, it is necessary to measure it. Although including quality appraisal and defect statistics, it is difficult for the three-level quality system to present simple and objective quality feature due to complicated documents and subjective evaluation.
“First time pass ratio” (FTPR) is a performance measure of construction quality, and is equal to the first time pass number/total inspection number within a period. FTPR is found with the advantages of easy data collection, simple quality judgment, immediate quality feature presentation, etc. FTPR simplifies significantly the complexity of three-level quality system.
To further verify the FTPR characteristics and advantages, this study searched and collected related construction quality documents of a bridge case project of Taiwan High Speed Rail. FTPR was calculated for various construction items and activities in periods, including rebar, formwork, concrete, earth work, and various physical elements such as piling, pier and pier cap. According to FTPR figures, the quality variations among all construction sections can be seen clearly. Meanwhile, FTPR also helps identify the difficulties in meeting quality requirements for each activity or item. More constructively, FTPR feedback brings many benefits such as manpower allocation, checklist content, subcontractor selection and capacity evaluation, quality warning, benchmarking, common understanding among project organizations.
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