| 研究生: |
吳俊賢 Wu, Jiunn-Shyan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
家戶住宅選擇模型及家戶競爭模型之實證比較分析 Empirical Comparison on Housing Choice Models and Housing Bid-Rent Choice Models |
| 指導教授: |
陳彥仲
Chen, Yen-Jong |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2002 |
| 畢業學年度: | 90 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 137 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 剩所得彈性 、家戶競爭 、Logit模型 、反向巢式Logit模型 、家戶選擇 、模型比較 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Logit Model, Model comparison, Household-Bidding, Reversed Nested Logit Model, Expected Surplus Income Elasticity, Household-Search |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:135 下載:4 |
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住宅市場中,存在著許許多多家戶在尋找適合自己居住的住宅亦或是購買住宅來進行投資。傳統上消費者決策行為之研究大多使用多屬性效用模式來模擬消費者在進行住宅消費選擇時的決策過程。其中,最具代表性的,就是個體不連續選擇理論的Logit模型(McFadden ,D.et al.,1981)。Logit模型基礎是理性的選擇決策行為,這的確也代表了近代經濟學的基本精神,其立論基礎是家戶對於選擇某一住宅,此住宅將提供一最大效用相對於其他的替選住宅。
此外,一棟住宅將由何種家戶加以佔有,Ellickson ,B.採用Rosen ,S.提出的特徵價格法,分析人們在面對一個不可分割的商品時,如何達到期望效用最大。而房屋正是一個具有多種特性但又不可分割的商品。爾後,林祖嘉(1990)利用McFadden ,D.提出的巢式Logit模型來建構此一過程,但其強調的是住宅特性如何影響人們的選擇,而不是傳統文獻中估計家計單位的特性如何影響其租買選擇。因而估計的函數不是用McFadden ,D.所謂的間接效用函數,而是Ellickson ,B.所指的競價函數。林祖嘉稱其模型為反向巢式Logit模型(a Reversed Nested Logit Model)。
然而反向Logit模型是否能藉由以家戶競爭的觀點代替傳統家戶選擇的觀念,有待本研究加以探討。
因此,本研究欲達成之研究目的如下:
1.了解不同家戶類型之選擇行為是否有所不同,以及不同住宅大樓群體之家戶競爭行為是否有所差異。
2.建立家戶選擇觀點的Logit模型與家戶競爭觀點的反向Logit模型,比較兩模型的解釋能力與預測能力,以釐清模型的適用性。
3.透過剩餘所得彈性在兩模式間的討論,計算其數值以比較兩模式對於現象解釋的合理性,並嘗試找出兩模式是否有所關連。
本研究主要的研究內容將針對Logit模型與反向Logit模型本身的比較為主,比較其優缺點與分析其解釋能力。本研究實證分析採用民國89年行政院國科會專題研究計畫(計畫編號:NSC89-2415-H006-011-SSS)的資料,調查地區包含台南市七個行政區,包括:北區、中區、西區、東區、南區、安平區與安南區以及永康市、仁德鄉等等地區,調查住宅狀況以及家戶基本資料的購屋決策行為。
研究發現,不同家戶類型之選擇行為確實有所不同,並且不同住宅大樓群體之家戶競爭行為亦確實有所差異。而兩模式就預測成功率、市場佔有率以及剩餘所得彈性的比較來看,兩者所解釋的現象一致。也就是說,在實際應用上兩模型並無不同,但就行為解釋合理性來看,使用家戶選擇觀點的Logit模型較為恰當。
In the housing market,many households search the house to fit theirselves or purchase the house for investment.We usually adopt the multinomial attribute utility function to approach the consumer behavior in the process of housing deciosion in the tanditional research of behaviors of the consumer decision.And the most representative method is Logit Model(McFadden ,D.et al.,1981) of the Disaggregate Discrete Choice Approach.The foundation of Logit Model is the rational decision behavior that represents the essential spirit of the recent economic science,and the foundation of the method is the household chooses the house that provides the most utility opposite to other alternative houses to this household.
On the contrary,the house will occupied by what kind of household? Ellickson ,B. adopted the Hedonic Price Analysis brought up by Rosen ,S. to analysis how the consumers face to the indivisible goods max the expected utility.And the house is just right the good that has multinomial attributes and is indivisible.Then,Chu-Chia Lin(1990) adopted the Nested Logit Model brought up by McFadden ,D. to approach this process.He emphasized how the housing attributes influence the consumer dicisions,but how the household attributes influence the consumer dicisions of tenure in the tranditional literatures.Therefore,the estimated function is not that the Indirect Utility Function so-called by McFadden ,D. but that the Random Bidding Function so-called by Ellickson ,B..And Chu-Chia Lin named his model “a Reversed Nested Logit Model”.
However,can the Reversed Nested Logit Model relied on Household-Bidding replace Logit Model relied on the tranditional Household-Search?This point requires this study to research.
So,the main purpose of this study is:
1. To find out the decision behaviors of alternative kinds of households ,and the bidding behaviors of the households in alternative kinds of housing groups.
2. To establish Logit Model relied on Household-Search and the Reversed Nested Logit Model relied on Household-Bidding,and to compare the ability of the explanation and forecast to know which is better.
3. By the discussion of the Expected Surplus Income Elasticity between the two models,we will compute the value to compare the models to approach the real world.
The main contents of the study is the comparison of the models,and the ability of the explanation.The data of the study is National Science Council Csae Study(2000)(Serial numbers:NSC89-2415-H006-011-SSS).The study region of the data includes the seven administrative divisions of Tainan city,Yung-Kang city and Jen-Te village.The contents of the data conclude the housing conditions and the basic household informations.
Our results conclude that the decision behaviors between alternative kinds of households is different,and the bidding behaviors between the households in alternative kinds of housing groups is different,too.Besides,baesd on Correctly Predicted,Market Occupied and the Expected Surplus Income Elasticity,the phenomenons explained by the models are the same.In other words,the models is indifferent in application,but it’s more appropriate to apply Logit Model relied on Household-Search in the rational behavior.
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三、 網站
行政院主計處中部辦公室
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台灣證券交易所
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