經濟部技術處在 2019 年指出製造業已由過去的大量生產模式，轉變成少量多
樣、快速反應、彈性製造的生產型態；產業著重發展的內容則是雲端服務、物聯
網、與巨量資料等智慧製造相關的技術發展。許多企業已經具有邁向智慧製造的基
礎－數位化。在具有數位環境的基礎下，訂單可以隨需求波動即時更新，但人力規
劃往往是放在中長期的整體計劃中做決策，鮮少考慮到當日生產線上是否具有足夠
的人員，特別是生產過程需要透過不同的加工技能完成，但人員具有的技能都不完
全相同。因此潛在造成生產過程出現人員工作忙碌不一的情況，讓生產力大幅下
降，無法有效發揮人力資源的彈性。
本研究建立在具有數位環境下的基礎，以達到即時、快速、大量計算的目的，
設計一個粗略產能規劃之人力配置系統，從企業資源規劃(Enterprise resource
planning, ERP)系統中取出每日生產的訂單進行所需產能的即時計算，並將人力資源
導入該系統，且考量其人力資源為多能工，再以整數規劃求解生產線上的多能工人
力配置問題。為了在數位環境下善用數位資源，於系統架構建立了標準工時資料庫
和多能工資料庫，並將其整合在 Excel®，透過 VBA® 程式語言撰寫成一個介面，供
管理者以點擊按鈕方式進行快速且即時性地計算每日生產所需產能，整數規劃求解
過程則是使用 Gurobi®進行每日所需人力配置數量計算，並將結果匯傳回 Excel®，產
出每日人力配置表。ii
該系統透過一個實際案例公司的資料進行建立，其運作可取代管理者紙本撰寫
的過程，減少重複謄寫和填寫錯誤的問題。進一步分析，將人力資源分成「未導入
多能工計劃」與「多能工狀態」進行假說檢定，結果顯示導入多能工計劃可以減少
平均每日配置人數；再將「未導入多能工計劃」與「多能工狀態」、「未導入多能
工計劃」與「全能工狀態」進行連續一個月比較的結果得出，平均每日配置人數分
別有 9%、15%的改善幅度，總人數分別有 13%、12%的實質人力數量節省；最後透
過生產力分析得知，「多能工狀態」與「全能工狀態」可提高 14%的平均生產力。
綜合本研究結果，善用數位資源，可提供管理者更有效地進行決策判斷；人員
進行多能工訓練除了可達到少人化之效益，也能吸收每日需求波動，維持高生產
力，有效發揮人力資源的彈性。

The Technology Division of the Ministry of Economic Affairs pointed out in 2019 that the manufacturing industry has changed from the past mass production to a small, diverse, fast-response, and flexible manufacturing production. The content of the industry's development is cloud services, the Internet of Things, big data, etc. Many companies already have the foundation to move towards smart manufacturing - digitalization. With a digital environment, orders can be updated in real time as demand fluctuation, but manpower planning is often made decisions for aggregate planning in the mid- and long-term. It is rarely considered whether there are enough personnel on the production line on the day or not, especially if the production process needs to be completed through different processing skills but personnel are not exactly have all skills. Therefore, the production process will potentially cause uneven staff work, resulting in a significant decrease in productivity and inability to utilize the flexibility of human resources effectively.
This research is based on the foundation of a digital environment, designing a manpower allocation system of rough-cut capacity planning. The system takes daily production orders from the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system for real time calculation of required capacity, considers human resources as multi-skilled workers, and uses integer programming to solve the problem of multi-skilled workers allocation on the production line in real time. To achieve the purpose of fast, real time, and large-scale calculations, this paper makes good use of digital resources in a digital environment. A standard working hours database and a multi-skilled workers database are established in the system and integrates them in Excel® through VBA® programming language. Managers can quickly and accurately know the required capacity for daily production by clicking the button. The integer programming formulation is solved by Gurobi®, which written in the Spyder® operating environment through the Python® programming language to calculate the number of daily manpower allocations. The results will be returned to Excel® and export a daily manpower allocation table.
The system is verified through the data of an actual case company. Its operation can replace the process of managers writing on paper and reduce the problem of repeated transcription and filled in errors. For further analysis, the human resources are divided into "Multi-skilled workers training plan is not implemented" and "Multi-skilled workers status" for hypothesis verification. Research results show that executed multi-skilled workers training plan can reduce the average daily number of people allocated in the same department. Comparing "Multi-skilled workers training plan is not implemented" and "Multi-skilled workers status" for one consecutive month. Research results show that the average number of people allocated per day has 9% improvement, total number of people has 13% manpower savings. Comparing "Multi-skilled workers training plan is not implemented" and "All-skilled workers status" for one consecutive month. Research results show that the average number of people allocated per day has 15% improvement, total number of people has 12% manpower savings. Finally, through productivity analysis, it is known that "Multi-skilled workers status" and "All-skilled workers status" can increase the average productivity by 14%.
Combining the results of this research, making good use of digital resources can provide managers with more effective decision-making. Multi-skilled workers training can exert effectively in flexibility of human resources to achieve the benefits of Shojinka, absorb daily fluctuations in demand to maintain high productivity.

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