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研究生: 施奕丞
Shih, Yi-Cheng
論文名稱: 低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式高功因電力轉換器之模式分析與控制器設計
Analysis and Synthesis for a Novel Single-Stage Isolated High Power Factor Correction Converter with Reduced Voltage Stress
指導教授: 林鐘烲
Lin, Jong-Lick
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 139
中文關鍵詞: 單級高功因電壓應力
外文關鍵詞: high power factor, voltage stress, single-stage
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  • 本論文係以嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器為基礎,首先回顧其設計理念,並研究由雙級式電路演化為嶄新單級式電力轉換器之始未。此外,探討當電感 與磁化電感 操作於DCM+CCM時所産生之儲能電容高電壓應力。
    為了解決高電壓應力的問題,可應用磁性負回授法,在轉換器中加入第三匝線圈,而形成之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器。此轉換器無輸入平均電流死帶(dead-band),若與採取磁性負回授法之單級式電力轉換器BIFRED作比較,此嶄新單級電力轉換器同時具有高功因與低電壓應力之特性。
    針對本論文提出的低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器,吾人進行電路動作原理分析,再以平均化法,對開關切換週期及線電壓週期建模,求得交流小信號數學模式。吾人可應用能量轉移法及分能定律,簡易地求得 與 ,而且更清楚地瞭解各元件的能量傳遞關係。此外,應用分能定律得到的結果與平均化法的結果是一樣的。
    在論文中吾人亦設計元件規格,以符合DCM+CCM之操作模式,滿足高功因/低電壓應力的要求,再以模擬軟體IsSpice確認之。最後,為了將輸出電壓穩壓,利用古典控制理論設計電壓回授控制器,實作輸出功率為 之電力轉換器,並以實作之量測結果驗證理論分析之正確性。由實測結果可知:加入控制器後並不會影響轉換器的功因校正能力,且能達到線電壓及負載變動時,輸出穩壓的要求。

    A novel single-stage isolated HPFC converter operating in DCM+CCM mode is proposed in this thesis. The design is presented first, and then a two-stage HPFC converter is transformed to become a HPFC converter. In addition, the voltage stress of the bulk capacitor is investigated while inductors and are operating in DCM+CCM mode.
    In order to overcome the problem of high voltage stress caused by the bulk capacitor, a negative magnetic feedback technique can be applied. It is achieved by adding a tertiary transformer so that the input current deadband is completely eliminated. This results in nice power factor. Compared with the famous BIFRED power converter, the proposed single stage isolated HPFC converter is superior with better power factor and lower voltage stress.
    The detailed circuit analysis for the novel HPFC converter operating in DCM+CCM mode is also presented in the thesis. The small-signal model is then derived by the two-time-scale averaging method. Moreover by virtue of energy transfer method and energy division law, the voltages of bulk capacitor and output load can be easily obtained. The results coincide with those obtained by averaged method.
    Every component of the proposed converter is well designed to ensure the operation of DCM+CCM mode as well as low voltage stress requirement. The results are verified by IsSpice simulations.
    Finally, a classical controller is designed to achieve output voltage regulation despite of the line voltage and load variations. A power converter of 80 W is implemented. It is verified by experimental measurements. It also shows that power factor is independent of the added controller.

    目錄 頁次 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 目錄 III 圖表目錄 V 第一章 緒論 1-1 1.1 簡介 1-1 1.2 具功因校正之電源裝置 1-2 1.3 相關論文回顧 1-3 1.4 本實驗室相關論文回顧 1-5 1.5 本論文主要貢獻 1-7 1.6 數學模式推導方法 1-7 1.7 本文架構 1-8 第二章 功率因數校正方式 2-1 2.1 功率因數之定義 2-1 2.2 主動式功因校正 2-3 2.2.1連續導通模式(CCM) 2-3 2.2.2不連續導通模式(DCM) 2-5 2-3 單級式HPFC電力轉換器 2-6 第三章 雙級式整合為單級式之整合方法探討與嶄新單級隔離式 HPFC電力轉換器之演化過程 3-1 3.1 元件移位法 3-1 3.2 元件移位法的歸納:元件移位原則 3-4 3.3 同步切換技術 3-8 3.4 嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器之設計 3-12 第四章 低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器設計 4-1 4.1 高電壓應力之産生原因與解決方法 4-1 4.2 boost-flyback電力轉換器磁性負回授分析法 4-5 4.3 低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器設計 4-8 4.4 嶄新電力轉換器磁性負回授分析法 4-10 第五章 電路動作原理分析 5-1 5.1 操作模式Ⅰ之推導 5-2 5.2 電路動作原理分析 5-4 5.2.1模式Ⅰ之動作原理 5-4 5.2.2模式Ⅱ之動作原理 5-6 5.3 結論 5-9 第六章 低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器數學模式推導 6-1 6.1 數學模式之建立:切換週期 的平均化模式推導 6-1 6.2 IsSpice模擬驗証:轉換器在切換週期 的平均化模式 6-7 6.3 數學模式之建立:線電壓週期 的平均化模式之推導 6-9 6.4 脈波寬度調變器(PWM)的小信號交流等效增益 6-16 第七章 能量轉移法 7-1 7.1 能量轉移法之設計理念 7-1 7.2 基本電力轉換器電壓轉換比推導 7-3 7.3 嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器之 及 7-6 7.4 低電壓應力之嶄新單級隔離式HPFC電力轉換器之 及 7-10 7.5 能量轉送流程圖 7-14 第八章 元件規格之設計分析 8-1 8.1 DCM之電感值 與第三匝線圈匝數比 之設計 8-1 8.2 功因與電壓應力之驗證 8-3 8.2.1高功因之驗證 8-3 8.2.2低儲能電容電壓 之驗證 8-4 8.3 操作在CCM之電感值 之設計 8-5 8.4 儲能電容 及輸出電容 之設計 8-7 8.5 IsSpice模擬驗證 8-7 第九章 控制器設計與實作結果 9-1 9.1 小信號數學模式之驗證 9-1 9.2 古典控制器之設計與製作 9-4 9.3 實作結果 9-7 第十章 實作心得 10-1 10.1 變壓器製作 10-1 10.2 元件之選取與實作注意事項 10-2 第十一章 結論與未來展望 11-1 11.1 結論 11-1 11.2 未來展望 11-2 參考文獻 自述

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