當以UF(Ultrafiltration)薄膜處理表面水時，自然有機物(NOM)是造成薄膜阻塞現象之最主要物質。本研究探討以聚氯化鋁(PACl)混凝對不同NOM之去除，與其對後續UF阻塞情形之影響。
首先配製不同鋁型態之PACl作為混凝劑，並以藻酸、蛋白質代表藻類代謝物質，腐植酸則代表疏水性有機物，以模擬天然原水之NOM，另以高嶺土作為顆粒物質，配製不同人工原水。接著人工原水進行混凝瓶杯試驗，探討不同條件對各有機物與濁度去除之情形，再取適量混凝後上澄液，以再生纖維材質之UF薄膜進行端點式(Dead-end)過濾，研究混凝對UF阻塞之影響。
實驗結果顯示，聚合鋁Alb擁有較高的穩定性與正電荷，能在較低混凝劑量時，有效地去除水中帶負電荷之顆粒、腐植酸與蛋白質。單體鋁Ala，則需要較高劑量，生成氫氧化鋁沉澱物以去除水中顆粒與有機物。藻酸會嚴重影響混凝對濁度之去除效率，藻酸可能藉由與鋁鹽錯合或包覆於顆粒上，增加顆粒的穩定性而造成混凝效果變差，因而需要較高混凝劑量，藉由吸附在鋁鹽所形成氫氧化鋁顆粒上而去除。
薄膜過濾部分，高嶺土並不會造成UF膜之阻塞，有機物為造成薄膜阻塞之主要物質。腐植酸與藻酸會進入薄膜，而造成孔徑內阻塞。藻酸更會形成凝膠而覆蓋薄膜表面，阻塞情形最為嚴重。薄膜過濾對於蛋白質之去除率較高，92.8 %的蛋白質被攔截於薄膜表面而造成濾餅阻塞。
混凝前處理可改善薄膜阻塞情形。在最適劑量下，混凝有效地去除原水之有機物與顆粒，因此後續薄膜過濾可保持固定之通量，而無阻塞情形。
於低混凝劑量時，可去除部分溶解性有機物，而於濾程之初期提升過膜通量，但隨著過濾之進行，殘留之有機物與鋁鹽可能於薄膜表面，逐漸形成緊密之濾餅，而造成後期過濾通量仍明顯下降。
於高劑量混凝時會有再穩定之情形，使殘餘濁度上升，混凝劑水解生成之顆粒性鋁，殘留於上澄液中，而在後續薄膜過濾時，累積於薄膜表面，形成濾餅而造成後續薄膜通量下降，使鋁鹽成為阻塞物造成薄膜阻塞。

Ultrafiltration is an emerging technology for drinking water production, but fouling is currently the major problem in membrane applications. Natural organic matters (NOM) is generally accepted to represent the main foulants, especially for surface waters. However, NOM could be removed to mitigate membrane fouling when coupled with pre-coagulation. This study focuses on the correlation between pre-coagulation, NOM removal and membrane fouling using synthetic waters which was prepared by mixing humic acid, BSA(protein), alginic acid. In addition, kaolin and laboratory-prepared polyaluminum chloride (PACl) were applied as turbidity and coagulant, respectively.
As results, polymeric aluminum(Alb) could effectively remove humic acid, BSA and turbidity at low dosage, while a higher dosage was required when applying monomeric aluminum(Ala). An obvious inhibition on coagulation by alginic acid was found, as more coagulants were consumed.
Membrane fouling was occurred when organic matters were added, alginic acid was the main foulant which caused pore blockage and formed gel layer on the membrane surface. More than 40% of humic acid and alginic acid passed through the membrane, however, 92.8% of BSA was rejected.
In sum, coagulation at low dosage could remove part of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) to enhance the membrane flux, while residual organic and aluminum formed compact cake layer on the membrane surface. At high dosage, the residual turbidity is high and the particulate aluminum generated from coagulants hydrolysis was kept in suspension due to restabilization. In the event, particulate aluminum was deposited on the membrane, formed cake layer and caused fouling in ultrafiltration. On the other hand, the DOMs and turbidity were effectively removed at optimum dosage, and a constant flux could be maintained in ultrafiltration.

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