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研究生：	楊松霈 Yang, Sung-Pei
論文名稱：	利用單級與柔切技術改善切換式電源之性能 Performance Improvement of Switching Power Supply Using Single Stage and Soft Switching Techniques
指導教授：	林鐘烲 Lin, Jong-Lick
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工程科學系 Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	149
中文關鍵詞：	單級高功因、柔切
外文關鍵詞：	HPFC, Soft Switching
相關次數：	點閱：79 下載：3
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一般而言，電子產品的電力能源係由切換式電力轉換器提供，為了節約能源，切換式電力轉換器必須具備高功因與高轉換效率的特性，故吾人在論文中提出隔離型zeta高功因ac/dc電力轉換器、嶄新單級式高功因返馳型ac/dc電力轉換器、嶄新單級式高功因對角半橋型順向式ac/dc電力轉換器，以及高轉換效率具同步整流之零電壓零電流柔性轉移順向式dc/dc電力轉換器。
論文中將針對所提出之單級高功因電力轉換器作詳細的電路分析，並利用平均化法(averaging method)或電流注入法(Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach, CIECA)推導小信號數學模式，再設計PI控制器與次迴路回授(minor-loop feedback)控制器，使輸出穩壓且不受輸入電壓與負載變動的影響，此外，加入次迴路回授控制器之系統效能，比加入PI控制器更具有強健性。由於單級式高功因電力轉換器操作於DCM+DCM模式，不但天生具有高功因的特性，而且可以避免bulk電容高電壓應力的問題。因此，吾人依據電感電流均操作在不連續導通模式(DCM)的條件，設計轉換器之電感值。此外，由電容電壓漣波比的限制，再設計轉換器之bulk電容值與輸出電容值。最後，根據設計的元件規格實作電力轉換器，並利用實驗結果驗證理論分析與模式推導之正確性，以及驗證閉迴路系統的整體效能。
吾人提出的嶄新具同步整流之零電壓零電流柔性轉移順向式dc/dc電力轉換器，在300 kHz的高頻切換下，具有89 %的高轉換效率，有效提升傳統順向式電力轉換器15 % 的效率，且不需利用變壓器第三匝線圈，即可達到磁通重置，故有效地減小變壓器的體積。根據詳細的電路分析，可求出柔切條件，再設計轉換器的共振元件值，並由實作結果，驗證轉換器之柔切性能。此外，吾人亦估算主要元件的功率損耗，值得一提的是，估算所得的轉換效率與實作結果相當接近。
在未來的研究中，若能將柔切技術成功地應用於高功因電力轉換器，則更能有效提升此電力電子系統的整體效率。

In general, the electricity is supplied by switching power converters to electronic appliances. From an energy-saving point of view, a switching power converter is required to exhibit high power factor and high power efficiency. Accordingly, an isolated zeta ac/dc power converter, a novel single-stage high power factor correction (HPFC) flyback ac/dc power converter, a novel single-stage HPFC diagonal half-bridge forward ac/dc power converter, and a novel ZCZVT forward dc/dc power converter with synchronous rectification are thus proposed in this thesis.
The operating principles of the proposed single-stage HPFC power converters are presented in detail herein. Their small-signal models are also derived by using the averaging method or current injected equivalent circuit approach (CIECA). PI and minor-loop feedback controllers are then well designed to tightly regulate the output voltage in the presence of the variations in the line voltage and load resistance. Notably, the proposed converter with minor-loop feedback controller has more robust performances of the overall system than that with PI controller. Moreover, since the proposed single-stage HPFC converters are operated in DCM+DCM, it not only inherently has high power factor, but also avoids suffering from high voltage stress across the bulk capacitor at light loads. To this end, the inductances of the proposed converters should be well designed to ensure that the inductor currents operate in DCM. In addition, the capacitances of the bulk and output capacitors in the proposed converters are also designed to satisfy the specified ripple voltage percentages. Finally, the proposed converters are implemented based on the design specification. The experimental results successfully validate the theoretical analysis, mathematical model and the performances of the overall system.
The proposed novel ZCZVT forward power converter with synchronous rectification is operated at 300 kHz and has high power efficiency of 89 %, which is 15 % greater than that of the conventional forward converter. Moreover, the flux of transformer can be reset without a tertiary winding, and thus the size of transformer is effectively reduced. Based on the operating principle of the converter, the soft-switching conditions are derived. It then follows from these conditions that the resonant components are designed. Finally, a prototype of the proposed ZCZVT converter is built to validate the theoretical analysis and the soft-switching performances. The power losses for key components are well estimated. Notably, the estimated efficiency is very close to the experimental result.
In the further work, if soft switching techniques can be successfully applied to a HPFC power converter, then the overall efficiency of the power electronics system will be effectively increased.

Chinese Abstract	I
English Abstract	II
Acknowledgement	IV
Contents	 VIII
List of Figures  XII
List of Tables  XVIII
Notation and Abbreviations	 XIX
Chapter 1  Introduction  1
  1.1  Motivation  1
   1.1.1	 Power Factor Correction Circuits	2
   1.1.2	 Switching Power Converters  6
  1.2  Contributions  10
  1.3  Organization  11
Chapter 2  Preliminaries on Power Efficiency  14
  2.1  Power Factor and Loss-Free Resistor Model  14
   2.1.1	 Power Factor  14
   2.1.2	 Loss-Free Resistor Model	19
  2.2  Soft Switching Technique  22
  2.3  Synchronous Rectification Technique  25
Chapter 3  Isolated Zeta Converter with HPFC	  28
  3.1  Introduction  28
  3.2  Operating Principle	 29
  3.3  Mathematical Model Derivation  33
  3.4  Design Considerations  36
  3.5  Model Validation and Controller Design  38
   3.5.1	 Model Validation	 38
   3.5.2	 Controller Design  39
  3.6  Experimental Results  42
  3.7  Summary  45
Chapter 4  Novel Single-Stage HPFC Flyback Converter  46
  4.1  Introduction  46
  4.2  Operating Principle	 48
  4.3  Mathematical Model Derivation  53
  4.4  Design Considerations  63
  4.5  Model Validation and Controller Design  68
   4.5.1  Model Validation  68
   4.5.2  Controller Design   69
  4.6  Experimental Results  70
  4.7  Summary  73
Chapter 5  Novel Single-Stage HPFC Diagonal Half-Bridge   
           Forward Converter  74
  5.1  Introduction  74
  5.2  Operating Principle	 76
  5.3  Mathematical Model Derivation  81
  5.4  Design Considerations  87
  5.5  Model Validation and Controller Design  95
   5.5.1  Model Validation	 95
   5.5.2	 Controller Design  96
  5.6  Experimental Results  103
  5.7  Summary  105
Chapter 6  Novel ZCZVT Forward Converter with Synchronous 
           Rectification  106
  6.1  Introduction	106
  6.2  Operating Principle	108
  6.3  Synchronous Rectification Technique for the 
       Proposed ZCZVT Forward Converter  118
  6.4  Design Considerations  120
  6.5  Experimental Results  122
  6.6  Power Loss Estimation  125
  6.7  Summary  128
Chapter 7  Conclusions and Recommendations  130
  7.1  Conclusions  130
  7.2  Recommendations for Further Work  132
Bibliography	134
Publication List	147
Vita	149
                                    

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