摘要
背景:印尼的公衛護理人員在幫助印尼達成健康發展的目標上扮演重要的角色功能。有兩個因素:個人特質與脈絡因素，包括城鄉差距可能影響公衛護理人員的角色功能。因此，確認影響公衛護理師角色功能差異之相關因素是建立獨特的照護內涵之重要步驟。
目的：探索在鄉村和都市地區公共衛生中心工作的公衛護理人員相關角色功能之差異因素。
方法：本橫斷性研究設計針對在泗水和巴紐旺宣公共衛生中心工作的公衛護理人員進行問卷調查。研究工具修正自Chamber (1994) 和 Gibson’s (2000)，具可接受的信、效度。共收集198問卷，包括50名鄉村和148名都市公共衛生護理人員。資料使用SPSS17軟體進行分析。
結果：印尼公共衛生護理人員感受角色重要性與實際執行相關公共衛生護理角色功能間具有落差。公共衛生護理人員感受角色的重要性不具城鄉差異；但在公共衛生護理角色功能則有顯著差異 (t = -2.98, p = .003)。都市地區公共衛生護理人員相較於鄉村地區執行較複雜的公共衛生護理功能。回歸分析檢定結果發現，公共衛生護理業務總數為預測其角色的唯一因素。公共衛生護理業務總數、公務人員資格與否，受訓總數和執業地點為預測公共衛生護理人員如何使其角色功能發揮最大之影響因素。
結論：在不同執業地點公共衛生護理的角色功能各有不同的優先順序。根據本研究結果將可做為發展印尼城、鄉公共衛生中心公衛護理人員角色功能與執業範圍之參考。
關鍵字: 角色、功能、公衛護理師、城鄉差異。

Abstract
Background: Public health nurses in Indonesia hold important roles and functions in the effort of achieving goals of health development in Indonesia. In general, there are two factors related to roles and functions, personal and contextual factors include setting. Therefore, to identify factors related to difference in roles and function of public health nurses in different location is an important step to build up the specific scope of practice.
Purpose: To identify factors related to difference in roles and functions of public health nurses working in rural and urban public health centers.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses who work in pubic health center in Surabaya and Banyuwangi. A research instrument adapted from Chamber (1994) and Gibson’s (2000) has been calibrated with acceptable reliability and validity, and later being used for data collection. A total of 198 PHNs including 50 from rural area and 148 from urban areas were recruited. SPSS 17 was used for data analysis.
Result: The results indicate that there was a gap in the importance of roles as perceived and frequency of function as practiced. There was no different in the importance of roles among PHNs in different setting, but when measured about functions there was signicant difference (t = -2.98, p = .003). PHNs in urban area have practiced more complex activities than PHNs in rural area. Using the regression approach, sum of job descriptions was the only predicting factor to importance of roles perceived by Indonesian public health nurses. Sum of job descriptions, employment status, total of training and setting were found to be predictors of the functions and settings is the most influential factor related to how PHNs apply their functions.

Conclusion: In each setting, PHNs have different priorities in their activity. Through these findings can be referenced for future scope of public health nursing practice in different settings in term of roles and function of public health nursing in Indonesia.
Keywords: roles, functions, public health nurses, rural-urban

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