幽門桿菌 (Helicobacter pylori) 是常見的人類致病菌，全球人口中約有50%受之感染，而感染後會增加罹患胃部疾病甚至是胃癌的風險。游動能力為幽門桿菌成功拓殖於人體胃黏膜的重要因素。然而幽門桿菌之所以能在胃部如此惡劣的環境中生存，乃因具有良好的適應能力，鐵攝取調控因子 (ferric uptke regulator, Fur) 即為其中重要的調控因子之一。過去在轉錄基因體學及蛋白質體學分析結果中皆發現Fur會影響部分鞭毛基因之表現，然而其中的詳細機制尚未明瞭，因此我擬定探討Fur在幽門桿菌的游動能力中所扮演的角色，並試圖了解其中的調控機制。首先，利用半固態培養基確認fur突變株之游動性，並於結果中發現fur突變後確實會影響幽門桿菌之游動能力，使之游動性降低。針對此問題我分成三個方向進行探討，其中包括鞭毛的生合成、趨化反應以及群體感應。於鞭毛的生合成的部分，雖然fur突變後其鞭毛素蛋白FlaA及FlaB的表現量皆增加，但其鞭毛結構與野生株相比並沒有明顯差異，故排除可能為fur突變後影響鞭毛生合成而導致其游動力降低的可能性。在趨化系統方面，我發現趨化系統相關基因之表現量於fur突變後也並無顯著差異。於缺鐵環境的刺激下會使得cheY失去大量表現的能力，但在半固態培養基的趨化實驗發現，經趨化物刺激後fur突變株之游動圈仍較小，且沒有產生變化，因此推測趨化系統亦非影響fur突變株游動力下降的原因。而群體感應的結果發現，fur突變後其培養液中AI-2的含量與野生株相比，於對數期早期較低，且此差異會隨細菌的生長而減少、消失；然而其luxS的表現量與野生株相比，於對數期晚期 (18 hr) 及穩定期 (24 hr) 皆無明顯差異。總結以上，推測Fur可能會藉由LuxS-independent的方式影響AI-2的產量，或是直接影響AI-2分泌的能力，來調控幽門桿菌J99於對數期早期的游動能力。

Helicobacter pylori infects 50% of the population worldwide, it can increase the risk for developing gastroduodenal diseases even the gastric cancer. Motility is essential for H. pylori to successfully colonize in human gastric mucosa persistently. One of the proteins that contribute to the remarkable adaptability is the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) which functions as a global regulator of gene expression. Transcriptional profile and proteomic analysis showed that Fur regulates the expression of some flagella-related genes in H. pylori 26695 strain. However, the detail mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of Fur in H. pylori motility, and try to clarify its regulatory mechanism. First, the motility of H. pylori J99 fur mutant was examined by the soft-agar motility assay. Our data showed mutant of fur decreased the motility of H. pylori. Thus we further divided into three sections including flagella formation, chemotaxis and quorum-sensing to study the effects of decreasing motility. Although increased expression in flagellins FlaA and FlaB, fur mutant J99 had a normal flagella structures compared with wild-type by using transmission electron microscopy. Further, we checked the expression of chemotaxis-related genes. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the chemotaxis-related genes between fur mutant J99 and wild-type under normal cultural condition. Although the expression of cheY in fur mutant significantly lose the ability to be increased under iron depletion treatment, the motility zone of fur mutant J99 was still smaller than wild-type and it seemed not affected in chemotaxis soft agar test. Furthermore, we considered whether quorum-sensing was involved. With AI-2 bioassay, the results showed that the AI-2 of fur mutant was dramatically reduced compared with wild-type J99 in the early-log phase. However, the RNA level of LuxS, served as AI-2 synthase, had no significant difference between fur mutant and wild-type J99 on both late-log phase (18 hr) and stationary phase (24 hr). In conclusion, these results suggested that Fur might regulate H. pylori J99 motility in log phase through LuxS-independent modulating AI-2 production or affecting the amount of AI-2 secretion.

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