自然界有許多複雜的生物結構是高度結合的有機物與無機物，如生物體中的骨頭、牙齒以及海洋中的海藻、貝類等，有機—無機複合材料，是經由分子自組裝過程形成各種階層式結構，本研究模擬自然界生物成礦行為以合成有機—無機複合材料，探討有機界面活性劑分子與無機物分子的自組裝行為，並製備具有特殊構型之中孔洞氧化矽材料。
本研究嘗試以帶有18個碳的陽離子界面活性劑(C18TACl) 和助界面活性劑(水楊酸)在特定比例下，和四乙氧基矽烷(TEOS)經過簡單的混合攪拌，即可合成出螺旋狀的孔洞氧化矽材料；使用16個碳的陽離子界面活性劑(C16TABr)和陰離子界面活性劑(硬脂酸鈉) 在特定比例下，和TEOS混合攪拌後，可合成出紅血球構型的中孔洞氧化矽。藉由調整助界面活性劑(或陰離子界面活性劑)/陽離子型界面活性劑莫耳比例與溫度、水量、pH值、TEOS添加量，尋找適當的合成範圍，並驗證其特殊構型之合成機制。將紅血球狀氧化矽進行100oC水熱處理後，中心較薄的氧化矽會溶解並沉積於外圍，使產物構型轉變為甜甜圈。
另外，因合成材料剩餘之廢液含有硫酸，對環境有害，所以使用檸檬酸取代硫酸以合成氧化矽材料，然而產率較低，構形也不為螺旋狀或紅血球狀，查詢文獻得知硫酸根具有相當強度的鹽析效應，因此在使用檸檬酸的溶液中添加硫酸鈉(添加量決定於硫酸的莫耳數)後，即可合成出螺旋狀氧化矽與紅血球狀氧化矽，證實鹽析效應可幫助氧化矽沉澱，且因鈉離子也具有鹽析效應，因此反應速率與產率都比使用硫酸的系統來的高，但鹽析效應過強時，氧化矽沉澱速度過快，將無法得到特殊構形之氧化矽，因此合成材料時，鹽析效應需控制在適當的強度。以後合成其他氧化矽材料時，可添加適當克數之硫酸鈉以提升反應速率及產率。
合成出之螺旋構形與紅血球構形之中孔洞氧化矽材料，其構型尺度分別為數個微米與奈米級，透過表面修飾上疏水性官能基矽烷後，材料堆疊之的空隙及孔洞適合均勻混合向列型液晶5CB，並分割出許多散射區塊，使液晶顯示器能散射光線，顯示為霧態，並在通入電場後為透明(液晶分子與電場方向平行)，移去後仍保有透明之外觀，可為具有記憶效應之智慧玻璃窗，可透過簡單的按壓玻璃表面或加熱-冷卻之相變化使液晶重回混亂態，並達成節能型智慧玻璃窗之應用。使用兩種構型之氧化矽製備的智慧玻璃窗都具有應用於綠色建材之潛力，運用電場調控玻璃窗之穿透度以減少冷、暖氣與照明之能耗。

Mesoporous silica materials with specific morphologies have attracted great interest due to their application in separation and catalysis. In this thesis, mesoporous silica materials with helical and erythrocyte-like morphologies are fabricated using an approach inspired by biomineralization. The formation mechanisms of the synthesized materials are investigated by changing the reaction conditions (e.g., the pH value, the molar ratio of the surfactant mixture, and so on). The waste solution contains sulfuric acid, and is hence harmful to the environment. Consequently, the sulfuric acid is replaced with citric acid. However, while citric acid is more environmental friendly, the mesoporous silica yield is low. Furthermore, the morphology of the synthesized silica is neither helical nor erythrocyte-like. However, when using citric acid and sodium sulfate in the synthesis process, both helical and erythrocyte-like mesoporous silica are produced and the yield is higher than that obtained when using sulfuric acid. It is thus confirmed that the salting out effect of sulfate ions is beneficial to synthesizing silica materials with specific morphologies. However, excessive salting out prevents the formation of the required silica morphologies, and hence the salting out effect must be carefully controlled. The practical application of the synthesized helical and erythrocyte-like silica is demonstrated by fabricating smart windows containing trimethylchlorosilane-modified calcined silica mixed with 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB). The smart windows exhibit a high transmittance of ~90.5% at 80 V and retain a transmittance of ~82.0% once the voltage is turned off. They therefore offer the potential for significant energy savings.

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