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研究生：	郭俊男 Guo, Jun-Nan
論文名稱：	以封包內分段方法配合ARQ協定提升TFRC視訊串流之品質 Employing In-packet Segmentation with Wireless ARQ Protocols to Improve the Quality of TFRC Video Streaming
指導教授：	謝錫堃 Shieh, Ce-Kuen 黃文祥 Hwang, Wen-Shyang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電腦與通信工程研究所 Institute of Computer & Communication Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	48
中文關鍵詞：	TFRC 、goodput 、公平、optimal
外文關鍵詞：	TFRC, goodput, fairness, optimal
相關次數：	點閱：71 下載：2
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在無線網路上傳輸即時串流影像時，會因為封包發生壅塞遺失或是無線錯誤，導致影像品質的下降，為了減少網路的壅塞，且維持平穩的傳送速度，可以使用TCP 友好協定 (TFRC) 來傳送視訊串流。根據之前的研究，封包長度對於無線網路上影像傳輸的 “可靠” 及 “效率”，有很大的影響。封包越小，越不易發生錯誤，但是卻會造成較高的頻寬負擔及使得TFRC跟TCP競爭頻寬時，會有不公平的現象。這篇論文提出一個以封包內分段方法配合ARQ協定來提升TFRC視訊串流之品質。這個方法會將封包虛擬切割成多個區段，並且利用無線網路上的ARQ 重送機制將錯誤的區段補好。虛擬切割這個動作，會根據當前網路的情況，選擇一個能使傳輸較有效率的最佳區段長度，來做虛擬切割。實驗結果顯示，我們的方法可以改善 TFRC 視訊串流之品質，並且達到TFRC競爭頻寬時的公平性。

While transmitting real-time video stream over wireless networks, the packet losses due to congestion losses and wireless errors cause the degradation of video quality. In order to reduce the network congestion while maintaining the smooth sending rate, TCP-friendly rate control is designed for multimedia services. From previous studies, it is shown that the packet length determines the tradeoff between robustness and efficiency for wireless video transmissions. The smaller the packet size, the lower the packet corruption rate. However, the small-packet transmission induces the high overhead and unfairness problem occurs when small-packet TFRC flows compete the available bandwidth with large-packet TCP flows. In this paper, we propose an in-packet segmentation scheme to transport TFRC video streams over the wireless network. The proposed scheme virtually segments the original TFRC packet into segments and utilizes the retransmissions of the wireless ARQ protocol to recover the corrupted segments. The optimal segment size is obtained based on the current channel condition to maximize the data goodput (i.e., transmission efficiency).The experimental results show that by employing the virtual segmentation technique and the segment recovery mechanism, our proposed scheme can improve the TFRC video quality while achieving the throughput fairness.

Contents                                                                    
Contents...........................................................................................Ⅰ
Tables............................................................................................III
Illustrations.....................................................................................IV
Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................1
Chapter 2 Background...............................................................................5
2.1 TCP-Friendly Rate Control Protocol (TFRC)......................................................5
2.2 The Lightweight User Datagram Protocol (UDP-Lite)..............................................7
2.3 The Introduction of Gilbert Channel Model......................................................8
2.4 Problem Definition and Related Solutions......................................................10
Chapter 3 A TFRC-Based Transport Architecture for Wireless Video..................................15
Chapter 4 In-Packet Segmentation Scheme for TFRC Protocol.........................................17
4.1 Virtual Segmentation and Reassembly...........................................................18
4.2 Loss Differentiation..........................................................................19
4.3 Optimal Segment Size for Bursty Channels......................................................22
4.4 Fragmentation Avoidance.......................................................................29
Chapter 5 Experimental Results....................................................................33
5.1 Experimental Environment......................................................................34
5.2 Bandwidth Fairness............................................................................35
5.3 Video delivery Quality........................................................................37
5.3.1 Varied MAC-level Retry Limit 0-3............................................................41
5.3.2 Varied Bit Error Rate.......................................................................42
  5.3.3 Varied Burst Bit Error Length.............................................................43
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Works............................................................44
References........................................................................................45


Tables                                                           
Table 4.1 The parameters for the optimal segment size control.....................................22
Table 4.2 The parameters of the fragmentation avoidance method....................................31
Table 5.1 Experimental environment settings.......................................................35
Table 5.2 Experimental scenario settings..........................................................39


Illustrations
Figure 2.1 The determination of a loss event.......................................................6
Figure 2.2 The calculation of loss event rate......................................................7
Figure 2.3 The format of UDP-Lite header...........................................................8
Figure 2.4 Gilbert channel model...................................................................9
Figure 2.5 Schematic illustration of the modified loss measurement mechanisms.....................13
Figure 3.1 The architecture of wireless multimedia transmissions..................................15
Figure 3.2 Wireless video transmission system.....................................................16
Figure 4.1 The structure of in-packet segmentation scheme.........................................17
Figure 4.2 Figure 4.2 The structure of VS header..................................................19
Figure 4.3 Dataflow of loss differentiation.......................................................21
Figure 4.4 Optimal Segment size...................................................................24
Figure 4.5 Optimal segment size for fixed Lb and variable Pb......................................25
Figure 4.6 Optimal segment size for fixed Pb and variable Lb......................................25
Figure 4.7 Relationship between Lb and PB.........................................................26
Figure 4.8 Performance of fixed Lb and variable Pb................................................28
Figure 4.9 Performance of fixed Pb and variable Lb................................................29
Figure 4.10 Determination of the lower bound of segment size......................................30
Figure 4.11 The algorithm for lower bound and upper bound of the optimal segment size.............30
Figure 5.1 Packet size alignment..................................................................33
Figure 5.2 Experimental environment...............................................................34
Figure 5.3 Throughput fairness for varied static packet size......................................36
Figure 5.4 Throughput fairness for varied TCP flows...............................................37
Figure 5.5 Example of error-tolerant applications.................................................38
Figure 5.6 Overhead calculations..................................................................39
Figure 5.7 Example of overhead calculations.......................................................40
Figure 5.8 PSNR results for scenario 1............................................................41
Figure 5.9 Average packet overhead results for scenario 1.........................................41
Figure 5.10 PSNR results for scenario 2...........................................................42
Figure 5.11 Average packet overhead results for scenario 2........................................42
Figure 5.12 PSNR results for scenario 3...........................................................43
Figure 5.13 Average packet overhead results for scenario 3........................................43
                                    

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校內：2009-08-13公開
校外：2010-08-13公開

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