本研究的目標乃是輔助歷史建築(Historic Buildings)修復設計之設計端與施工端能即時與順暢的溝通，強化建築資訊連結之可視化及簡易化，同時確保傳達的準確性與即時性，才能降低修復前後的誤差值並提升完成品質，延續歷史建築的生命週期(Life Cycle, LC)，未來對於建築教育與數位典藏也有相當的貢獻。在歷史建築之保存可能因時間性的環境因素與人為修復的優劣導致不同程度的影響，現今的修復方法與流程也因數位工具的發展與台灣審查制度之改變而更為複雜與耗時，匠師的傳統修復語言已經無法符合需求，必須提升設計、施作、維護、管理各專業的溝通，並確保修復的品質。
本研究以台灣傳統木構造為建築修復研究對象，探討台灣傳統建築的修復問題及在地化現場施工者與設計者溝通的問題包含(1)幾何與非幾何記錄不是在相同資訊平台下整合，易造成重複性儲存或遺漏甚至資訊不同步等聯繫問題、(2)多重人員協同合作與管理整合問題、(3)隱蔽處問題導致工期延宕、(4)拆解組構過程施工不當造成構件損毀或二次補強。這些問題凸顯設計與施作流程中各專業合作上有形或無形的資訊有銜接上的不足與溝通即時性不夠，導致工期延長與修復品質的不確定性。
關於數位技術應用於歷史建築的研究上，BIM模型需要精準的3D幾何表面模型的逆向現況重建。國內外已有許多利用三維掃描的點雲資訊結合3D資訊建模等研究，因此本文將著重於BIM 技術在台灣傳統木構造建築模型建置完成後之修復添加資訊的可行性研究，以台灣台南市麻豆護濟宮為例，研究透過數位建模、記錄建築構件的形式、劣化、拆架過程等資訊，提供修復專案元件的史料，並可進行元件資訊的更新，再回饋至修復專案中。重點在於重新探討(1) BIM導入歷史建築修復流程之差異與優勢、(2)在地性的構造編碼形式與資料庫欄位建置的關係、(3)木構造的資料結構性分類，進而建立一個歷史建築參數化資訊模型庫，提供日後歷史建築修復的準確參考資訊。
本研究提出木構造修復流程之數位資訊化的可行性研究，開發一個修復保存外掛系統(Conserve-Compass)結合現場數位工具，主要是針對台灣建築修復流程提供另一種序列性的介面參考模版，資訊透過雲端快速轉換、更新與傳遞，整合應用於BIM平台。最終將於實際現場觀察之分析，進行狀況劇本模擬，清楚說明外掛系統與行動裝置之功能與現實中使用上的幫助。輔助設計端完整掌握工程項目，提升施作流程上有效的溝通與確保資訊的完整性，達到立即性與可及性的效益，未來將是一個可以再循環利用的BIM歷史建築資訊模型。

SUMMARY

For architectural heritage conservation that worth archiving, the digital way of archive and storage has become an alternative opportunity for them to be preserved. Although BIM is mostly oriented to current construction praxis, there have been some attempts to investigate its applicability in historic conservation projects. This paper will focus on the Taiwan traditional historic architecture. There are common problems during the restoration and maintenance during the restoration and maintenance: (1) recording and communicating geometric and non-geometric information, (2) integrating and managing the multiple phases of construction and (3) the structural damage that can be incurred during the dismantling process. This leads to less confidence in the quality of restoration and maintenance. This study considers the traditional wooden structures in Taiwan as a basis to discuss the issues faced during restoration and the gap in communication between designers and builders. Using new techniques, resources and the concept of BIM, a plugin is developed for guiding restoration. It serves as a BIM-based communication platform for designers and builders the presentation between different professional teams through digital technology assistance, enabling the real-time exchange of information to minimize any gaps that may exist between the designers’ information and that of the builders. This allows information related to the restoration to be more accurate and offers the assurance that the traditional architecture retains its original structure and value. The life cycle of a historic building can be prolonged if digitalization is introduced into the preservation of traditional buildings while contributing to architectural education and digital archives.

INTRODUCTION

The natures of two different engineering works lead to different management processes, steps and ideas-the process of constructing a new building starts from zero, and followed by the construction work based on design drawings from building plan to every details. As an existing building, the restoration work of a historic building starts from existing building plans and onsite investigations to the design drawings and construction works of restoration.
The early techniques for restoring traditional buildings were mainly contributed by craftsmen. As a result of the modifications of relevant regulations as well as the intervention of modern construction system, construction works now rely on specialization. The heritage of traditional restoration techniques may have been lost. Unfortunately 2D drawings can not present all the spatial information, such as hidden parts of the building. During the restoration construction phase, inadequate or incomplete information can result in communication problems occurring during the design and construction phases, thus making it difficult to ensure the quality of the restoration. So it is important that information related to any restoration be accurate and assurances provided that these traditional buildings retain their original structure and value.
In this article, guidance regarding how restoration should be done is given. The use of new techniques, resources and the concept of BIM is developed as a communication platform between designers and builders. It enables the real-time exchange of information to minimize any gaps that could have existed between the designers and those doing the construction.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The study of the Building Information Model (BIM) has been steadily developing over the past ten years with BIM technology being widely used in different ways. Most research has focused on using BIM technology for planning and designing new buildings but recently research has been extended to using this technology for the restoration of existing buildings and the conservation of Taiwan’s architectural heritage. However, the application of BIM for the conservation of historical buildings is still facing various challenges (Volk, Stengeland & Schultmann, 2014). Most of these technologies focus on the 3D rebuilding of geometrical or surface models in the research on historical buildings. Little attention is paid on the particularity construction methods, and also less discussion on how to assist in interpretation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This article attempts to find suitable solutions to these problems during the restoration work through the development of the BIM-aided restoration guidance system. We called it the Conserve Compass (C-Compass) system and it includes Revit plugin and mobile Apps. The main purpose of the C-Compass system we developed here is to assist with communication and coordination between the design of the repairs and the construction work on site. The data are shared immediately and on a regular basis. Further, the data shared is extensive in order to minimize any construction error. Therefore, the historical buildings are accurately preserved.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This research has discussed the restoration of Taiwan’s ubiquitous communication problems between designers and builders in the building industry. To do this, it has introduced new technology and the concept of BIM to integrate all the data related to restoration.During restoration, applications are introduced to improve the quality of construction. The development of a plug-in application showed the following results:
During the design phase, using BIM with both 3D visualization and captions, designers will not have to be on the construction site. Working through the cloud, they can instantly access the correction of restoration data.
During the construction phase, the application of BIM can dismantle a complex component and recompose it through a visual information model. At the same time, BIM can present it as a 3D model immediately, receiving feedback and a new design instantly.
In the final stage, the construction report is presented in dynamic form (geometric and non-geometric information), different restoration information is provided and collections used for users through BIM.
In the future development, we aim to try to convert design data into information, introduce the application of 4D/5D project management to pass on this knowledge to the next generation. In addition, the application of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Augmented Reality (AR) will be added. Currently, BIM, PMSI and GIS seldom intersect with each other and are not in parallel use. Therefore these systems can be combined and inte-grated for management needs in whole life-cycles.

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參考網站

文化部文化資產局http://www.boch.gov.tw/boch/
公共工程電子報http://www.pcc.gov.tw/epaper/10009/bim.htm
BIM台大土木工程資訊模擬與管理中心http://bim.caece.net/