電子地圖是當前使用廣泛的尋路工具，在不同的輸入裝置上進行操作，可能造成導航績效表現的不同。本研究針對目前兩大主流輸入裝置；滑鼠與觸碰螢幕在電子地圖上進行導航評估，並突破現有導航工具，以電子地圖的導航模式與導航工具的評估與探討結果為基礎，設計出新型的導航工具。本研究分為四大階段：第一階段：收集及分析目前輸入裝置與電子地圖導航相關資料，歸納出目前電子地圖主要可分為3種導航模式與3種導航工具。導航模式分別為：(1) 連續控制與連續呈現；(2) 間斷控制與連續呈現；(3) 間斷控制與間斷呈現。導航工具為：(1) 組合式平移方向鈕；(2) 分散式平移方向鈕； (3) 抓與拉。第二階段：以觀察法分析使用者實際操作導航工具的狀況，於分析操作上的相關問題後，提出結論及解決方案。第三階段：以上述分析研究結果為基礎，並以人因觀點，設計第4種新型的導航工具連續控制強化導航器。第四階段：模擬操作的實驗介面，分別在滑鼠與觸控螢幕，進行上述3種導航模式與4種導航工具的操作績效評估。導航模式與導航工具績效評估各36名受試者參與實驗，以完成任務的總時間與使用者操作次數，進行操作績效的統計分析(雙因子變異數分析)。結果發現，本研究之導航模式在滑鼠上進行操作的任務完成時間，均顯著的比在觸碰螢幕的操作績效表現要好。而不論是在滑鼠或觸碰螢幕的操作下，是以導航模式連續控制與連續呈現的操作績效為最佳。在導航工具的操作分析上，也是以在滑鼠進行操作的任務完成時間，比觸碰螢幕要來得好，但在連續控制強化導航器的操作上則沒有顯著的差異。最後在導航工具的比較上，任務完成時間以連續控制強化導航器以及抓與拉為最佳；在使用者操作次數則以連續控制強化導航器為最好。本研究所設計的新型導航工具連續控制強化導航器，利用連續控制與連續呈現的導航模式，提升了操作速度與方向的控制，並適用於滑鼠及觸碰螢幕進行操作。本研究結果將可作為電子地圖設計之研究參考，並建議可將連續控制強化導航器導航工具，廣泛應用於以觸碰螢幕及滑鼠作為輸入裝置之操作介面，以增加資訊空間的導航操作。

Nowadays the web map (E-map) is a widely-used wayfinding. However, when it is navigated with a different input device, its navigational performance may be affected. In this research, two mainstream input devices, i.e., the mouse and the touchscreen, were employed to navigate the chosen web maps. Meanwhile, different navigation modes and techniques were evaluated and analyzed. Based on the research results, a new navigational technique, called the enhanced navigator with continuous control (ENCC), was developed. This research was divided into four phases. In the first phase, a lot of information about web maps and their input devices was collected. It was concluded that three navigation modes are in current use: namely, 1) continuous control and continuous display (CCCD), 2) discrete control and continuous display (DCCD), and 3) discrete control and discrete display (DCDD). Moreover, three navigational techniques are also popular: namely, 1) combined panning buttons (CPB), 2) distributed panning buttons (DPB), and 3) Grab & Drag (G&D). In the second phase, the author observed and analyzed how the users put the navigational modes and techniques into practical use. If any operational problem arose, it was explored, and then a conclusion as well as a solution was presented. In the third phase, based on the above research results and the concept of human-factors design (HFD), another brand-new navigational technique, i.e., the ENCC, was developed. During the fourth phase, the experimental interfaces of a simulation test were designed. Afterwards, the mouse and the touchscreen were employed alternately to conduct simulation trials so that the performances of the three navigation modes and four navigational techniques might be determined.
There were 36 participants in the trials conducted to evaluate the performances of three navigation modes, and so were there in four navigational techniques. In terms of task completion time and user interface action, their operational performances were analyzed through a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was discovered that, in all of the navigation modes, the mouse performed much better than the touchscreen in terms of either task completion time or user interface action. Moreover, CCCD performed better than the other two modes whether the mouse or the touchscreen was employed. When working with three common navigational techniques, the mouse also performed better than the touchscreen in terms of task completion time. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two input devices when they worked with ENCC. As for the performances of the four navigational techniques, ENCC and G&D performed better than the other two counterparts in terms of task completion time. Furthermore, ENCC performed better than its three counterparts in terms of user interface action. Combined with CCCD, our newly-designed ENCC enhanced operational speed and directional control; besides, it was fully compatible with both the mouse and the touchscreen. The findings of this thesis can serve as a reference for the design of web maps. It is suggested that ENCC should be extensively applied to interfaces which rely on mice or touchscreens as input devices. In this way, information space will be more smoothly navigated.

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