近期的研究結果指出，對於3個月至14個月大的新生兒而言，母乳哺餵是影響其腸胃微生物相最重要的環境因子。探究捐贈乳的微生物相有其必要性，尤其是對臨床的受乳病嬰而言。本研究目的為瞭解不同捐乳者其捐乳菌種多樣性隨著產後月份的變化，並評估南區母乳庫例行的微生物學培養檢驗結果是否能反映捐乳菌相的差異；同時，調查合作捐乳者的健康狀況。透過次世代定序，並以DADA2套件處理原始資料，以擴增序列變體的形式進行生物資訊分析。共收集到93個捐乳檢體，來自31位不同的捐乳者，值得注意的是，捐乳者當中有39％為超重或肥胖，48％容易便秘，有過敏性鼻炎及皮膚相關疾病的比例，皆各佔三分之一。以軌跡分析不同捐乳者所提供的逐月樣本，其Shannon index的變化可分為3種型態。總共檢測到7種乳酸桿菌和2種雙歧桿菌，兩者的盛行率皆遠高於2018年台灣北部所發表的文獻。常規微生物培養檢驗及其後續的鑑定結果，無法作為區分菌相組間差異的依據，這樣的結果顯示，母乳庫在進行消毒前的捐乳篩選時，應考慮將微生物相納入評估項目。環境因子的分析結果，顯示母親身體質量指數、親生子代數及是否有皮膚相關的疾病，皆會對母乳菌相造成顯著性的影響；同時，問卷調查的結果也證實，可以成為捐乳者並不意味著身體健康或飲食習慣良好。

To reveal donor human milk (DHM) microbiota by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and investigate the health status of donors from the Human Milk Bank (HMB) in Southern Taiwan by the questionnaire modified from the American Gut Project (AGP). The change of Shannon index by month can be divided into three types. The prevalence of Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium are much higher than the results of northern Taiwan. The skin-related disease has a significant impact on breast milk flora. Pooling DHM from different donors before pasteurisation might be a better way than currently separated handling process. Discard DHM based on the pre-pasteurisation culture results is not necessary when considering the high similarity of the microbiome. Maternal health status could
affect DHM microbiota significantly. It will be a challenge to select a health donor through we have limited knowledge about how many key factors are waiting to be
explored.

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