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研究生： 賴盈勳
Lai, Ying-xun
論文名稱： 應用程式導向之記憶體回收機制-以PAC/Nucleus系統之實作為例
An Application-based Garbage Collection Mechanism –An Implementation on PAC/Nucleus PLUS System
指導教授： 黃悅民
Huang, Y.M.
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 80
中文關鍵詞： 記憶體回收 、嵌入式系統 、Nucleus
外文關鍵詞： Nucleus, embedded system, garbage collcetion
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    • Nucleus PLUS是Accelerater Technology公司開發的即時操作系統，早期適用於軍事及網路設備這種對於時程要求的產品上。然而近年來隨著嵌入式系統產品蓬勃發展，Nucleus也因為它優異的核心特性與可動態選購所需的功能模組，使得越來越多需即時性的嵌入式系統也相繼採用Nucleus作業系統。但在嵌入式系統上往往因為需長時間的運作與有限的記憶體空間，造成了開發者在設計上的困難，不僅需注意記憶體空間的使用，也需考慮在長時間作業後是否會造成因記憶體外部破碎而產生記憶體不足現象。本論文將提出一種適用於Nucleus核心的任務感知型記憶體回收機制並於國內工研院晶片中心所研發的PAC PMP SoC發展平台上實現。
    本論文相關研究分為兩個部分，第一部份為Nucleus Plus在工研院PAC PMP SoC發展平台的移植過程與方法，第二部份則提出一套適用於Nucleus作業系統的記憶體回收機制，透過Nucleus動態記憶體的概念與結合了計數(Counting)、世代收集(Generational collection)等演算法概念，並採用任務感知的機制避免記憶體回收所造成的效能降低情況。我們根據實做出的記憶體回收機制並逐步分析與比較其相關數據，用來改進並修正我們所提出的記憶體回收機制，以達到高效率的目標。

    Nucleus PLUS is a real-time operating system designed by Accelerator Technology. Incipiently, it was suited for products that need for time interval request, such as systems found in the aerospace, military and network equipments. Nucleus has an exceptional capability for kernel and can be dynamically mounted functional modules, therefore, as it spreads rapidly into various industries, more and more embedded system enterprise select and choose Nucleus Plus. However, given its advantageous in performance, it also suffers shortfall; the embedded system requires extensive operating time to boot the operator system and contains limit memory space, as a tremendous amount of time is vested in this portion trying to figure out by the system designers during the course of research and development. The primary concern is they need to work within the limited memory configuration allowed; more importantly, the system designer needs to prevent against the risk of out of memory during external fragmentation during long hours of operation. In this thesis, we have developed and built up a task-awareness garbage collection for Nucleus PLUS on PAC platform.
    The research work related to the system consists of two parts. The former part is the porting of Nucleus PLUS on PAC PMP SoC platform. The later part is the designing for a take-awareness garbage collection for Nucleus PLUS. The algorithm consists the concept of dynamic memory for Nucleus, counting and generational collection. We utilize the difference of collection according to the useable space of memory pool to avoid process delay. The data for the collection theory is then recorded and analyzed. For high performance, we shall verify by conducting a sample test throughout the whole system.

    目錄 第一章 序言.................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 即時作業系統的概念..........................................................................1 1.1.2 嵌入式即時作業系統的發展及應用.................................................3 1.2 研究動機.........................................................................................................3 1.3 章節提要.........................................................................................................4 第二章 PAC PMP SoC 與 Nucleus 相關研究.........................................................5 2.1 PAC PMP SoC 雙核心處理器介紹...............................................................5 2.1.1 PAC PMP SoC 雙核心處理器相關系列............................................5 2.1.2 PAC PMP SoC 架構介紹...................................................................9 2.2 Nucleus 介紹................................................................................................28 2.2.1 Nucleus PLUS Kernel 簡述[23][24][25] ..........................................28 2.2.2 Nucleus PLUS Kernel 特性..............................................................29 2.2.3 Nucleus PLUS 與Source Code 架構[26] ........................................31 2.2.4 Nucleus 嵌入式實例應用.................................................................33 第三章 任務感知記憶體回收機制在Nucleus 作業系統上之研究與實現............35 3.1 系統開發環境..............................................................................................35 3.1.1 硬體開發環境....................................................................................35 3.1.2 軟體開發環境....................................................................................36 3.2Nucleus PLUS Kernel 移植..........................................................................42 3.2.1 Nucleus PLUS 啟動流程...................................................................43 3.2.3 Nucleus Plus serial driver modify....................................................52 3.3 感知型記憶體回收機制之研究與實現.......................................................56 3.3.1 記憶體回收概念................................................................................56 VIII 3.3.2 記憶體回收種類[31][32][33][34].....................................................57 3.3.3 Nucleus 動態記憶體配置..................................................................60 3.3.4 感知型記憶體回收系統架構及實現...............................................61 第四章 環境測試及成果展示...................................................................................68 4.1 Nucleus 移植於PAC PMP SoC 發展平台成果展示.................................68 4.1.1 展示環境建立....................................................................................68 4.1.2 成果展示.............................................................................................70 4.2 感知型記憶體回收機制測試.......................................................................70 4.2.1 測試環境建立....................................................................................71 4.2.2 載入測試程式與展示成果................................................................71 4.2.3 記憶體回收時程測試環境建立.......................................................72 4.2.4 記憶體回收時程測試成果展示.......................................................74 第五章 結論與未來工作...........................................................................................76 參考文獻及資料.........................................................................................................78

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