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研究生: 吳維凱
Wu, Wei-kai
論文名稱: 全方向輪式機器人之建構及其利用雷射測距儀與全景式攝影機之導航
Construction of an Omni-directional Wheeled Robot and Its Navigation Using Laser Range Finder and a Panoramic Camera
指導教授: 蔡清元
Tsai, Ching-yuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 52
中文關鍵詞: 雷射測距儀輪式機器人向量場直方圖
外文關鍵詞: LRF, wheeled robot, VFH
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  • 智慧型機器人發展至今,為融入人類生活環境,機器人的導航避障策略不斷的被研究、發展,一般的簡單環境已足夠應對,但對於實際環境中較複雜的情況,仍嫌不足。由於單一感測器無法避免的有其應用上的限制,本研究建構了一台具多感測器及有全方向移動能力的輪式機器人,結合兩種近年逐漸受到重視環境偵測元件:雷射測距儀以及全方位攝影機。配合彼此優勢互補的概念,使得其能更適合於家庭環境。避障與導航策略方面,首先討論了著名的VFH法則運用於本研究所建構的機器人時發生的問題,並針對這些問題,發展了一個基於VFH法則的導航策略。所設計的導航策略能夠使機器人擁有擬人化的避障運動模式。最後,由實驗佐證,證明了機器人的效能以及所提出導航策略之可行性。

    To participate in the human environment, the algorithms for the navigation and obstacle avoidance of intelligent robots have been studied continuously. Owing to the unavoidable limitation of the applied single sensor, an omni-directional wheeled robot with multi-sensor has been constructed in this research. The constructed robot utilizes two peripheral detecting sensors, which are valued in recent years: a laser range finder and a panoramic camera. Complementing the advantages of these two sensors, the robot can be more suitable for the household environment. As to the obstacle avoidance method and the navigation strategy, the problems caused by applying the VFH method to the developed mobile robot are discussed first. A novel navigation strategy based on VFH is then proposed to resolve these problems. Using the proposed navigation strategy, the omni-directional wheeled robot can exhibit a human-like obstacle avoidance behavior. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed wheeled robot and the practicability of the navigation strategy were verified through the experiments.

    中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 誌謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 文獻回顧 1 1.3 研究貢獻 3 1.4 本文架構 3 第二章 系統架構與設計 4 2.1 機器人之設計 4 2.2 全方向輪式底盤 5 2.2.1 全方向輪式底盤之機械設計 6 2.2.2 全方向輪式底盤之運動學 7 2.3 機器人感測元件 9 2.4 電路系統運作與設計 11 2.5 底盤控制架構 12 第三章 導航策略及模擬 22 3.1 導航策略概述 22 3.2 機器人擬人式全方向移動 23 3.3 使用雷射測距儀避障及其策略 24 3.3.1 VFH避障策略 25 3.3.2 距離資訊對應機器人中心之轉換 26 3.3.3 基於VFH法改良的避障策略 27 3.4 利用全景式攝影機避障及其策略 28 3.5 資訊整合 30 第四章 實驗 38 4.1 全方向輪式底盤之運動控制 38 4.2 使用雷射測距儀避障導航 39 第五章 結論 49 5.1 總結 49 5.2 未來發展 49 參考文獻 51

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