近來，國內發生兩起重大空難事件，造成死傷與損失慘重，在此情勢下，學者與各式國際組織多專注於飛航安全之相關議題。然當空難發生之時，為在最短時間內採取適當措施，減少災害後所衍生之各項損失，緊急應變處理便為事後之救援關鍵，實為值得探討之議題。另在安全管理系統(Safety Management System, SMS)中，「緊急應變計畫之協調」係屬於「安全政策與目標」之下，此系統涵蓋多個作業要項，本研究期以此政策與目標下之緊急應變處理程序詳加探討，進一步關注航空器發生失事後之緊急應變所可能產生之風險因素。
　　然過去研究中，國內對於航空器失事之緊急應變處理，較少透過系統性及層級架構來界定緊急應變處理過程中之風險因素及其因素間之相互關係。因此，為達到系統性之考量，本研究藉由文獻回顧與AcciMap意外事件分析架構，期提供ㄧ套具整體性的風險評估架構，並進ㄧ步透過專家問卷發放，佐以決策實驗室分析法(DEMATEL)與分析網路程序法(ANP)，綜合其因果關係與相對重要性之結果，探究風險因素之改善優先次序。
　　綜整分析結果，本研究得到「聯合演練」、「地方政府之地區災害防救計畫是否完善」、「監督機制與跨單位之整合」、「適當的指揮鏈」與「權責分配」之影響力深遠。就長遠的觀點，將有助減少緊急應變處理過程中衍生更多風險，為航空器失事緊急應變處理得以優先改善之項目。故本研究實為國內各緊急應變相關單位提供ㄧ具有系統及層級性之風險因素架構，亦透過專家評估，進ㄧ步提升航空器失事之緊急應變處理效率，降低緊急應變過程之疏失。

According to the records of Aviation Safety Council (ASC) from 2005 to 2014 in Taiwan, the average aviation accidents rate of transportation operation category airplane was 5.18 per million departures. Many organizations may emphasize risk factors analysis of aviation safety rather than emergency response which can be either a neglected or urgency condition. Therefore, there will also be many uncertain risks in the processes and the procedure needed to be improved.
The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors grouped into 5 levels based on AcciMap theory. Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and Analytic Network Process methods are used respectively to analyze the causal relationship and the relative importance of these 20 risk factors via expert questionnaire surveys. Moreover, there is a case study of TransAsia GE235 accident to verify the credibility of the risk factors by using correlation analysis.
The result suggests that the top three rankings for the risk factors in emergency response are “Joint training”, “Disaster Prevention and Response Operation Plan from local government” and “Supervisory mechanism and cross-department integrated,” which have a high implementation priority. This paper contributes to emergency response to aircraft accident by developing an AcciMap and the relationship among the risk factors, thereby helping management authorities, airports and airlines improve major operational and managerial weaknesses, reducing the failure possibility related to emergency response to enhace the efficiency as well.

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