本研究欲以不同比例之黃豆生質柴油、95%含水乙醇、丁醇添加於一般柴油中，藉此改善油品之特性，由於醇類屬富氧燃料，因此可促進柴油引擎燃燒效果，亦可降低CO與黑煙之排放量。此外，NOx排放量增加或降低，則需視所添加之醇類種類與操作條件而定。為達成上述目標，本研究將先進行混合油品之配置，並藉由進行穩定性實驗，以確定所欲使用之醇類與生質柴油及其混和比例。其後選出較佳之混合比例以進行燃燒效率實驗、能源效率表現與污染物排放之量測實驗，包括粒狀物(PM)、氮氧化物(NOx)、一氧化碳(CO)與多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)等。
實驗結果顯示，此生質燃料使用於柴油引擎中之油耗量並無顯著影響，於惰轉狀態之單位時間油耗量僅增加0.3%~0.45%，而高負載狀態之比耗油率(Break Specific Fuel Consumption, BSFC)，即單位發電量之耗油量，僅於添加20%與30%生質柴油，增加1.7%之油耗量；粒狀汙染物方面，惰轉狀態與高負載狀態分別具有3.7%~27.5%與4.2%~84.0%之減量效果；氣狀汙染物之一氧化碳與高負載狀態可減量4.5%~14.5%，但於惰轉狀態則有增加之情形(17.8%~43.0%)。而氮氧化物於惰轉狀態(1.09%~8.70%)與高負載(6.41%~11.5%)皆僅些微降低；多環芳香烴化合物於惰轉狀態有12%~54%之減量效果。於高負載則有7.9%~54.1%。
此類油品於惰轉狀態(Idling)下具有對粒狀汙染物與多環芳香烴化合物減量之功效。於高負載下，粒狀汙染物、一氧化碳、氮氧化物與多環芳香烴化合物皆有明顯之減量效果。顯示使用含水乙醇於柴油引擎中時並不會影響引擎之燃燒效果，且具有促進污染物減量之功效。

In order to improve fuel combustion performance, hydrous ethanol(95%)、butanol and soybean biodiesel were co-blended at different percentages. Due to the oxygen rich fuel of alcohol, its addition to diesel fuel can improve the combustion performance in CI engine and also can reduce the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke. However, the emission of Nitrogen oxides (NOx) depends on the types of alcohol additives and operation condition used. In addition, hydrated ethanol poses miscibility challenge with diesel fuel owing to the presence of 5% water. To overcome this Challenge, different percentages of diesel-biodiesel-butanol-ethanol blending ratios were assessed for stability out of which, the most suitable class of blends was selected based on phase stability upon 30 days standing.
Stable blends were then selected for testing for their combustion characteristic, energy efficiency performance and pollutant emissions in a diesel engine generator. Tested pollutants included the particulate matter (PM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Experimental results indicated that the selected fuels had better combustion performances as well as reduction in pollutant emissions pollutant emission. At engine’s idle mode, significant control of pollutants was only noted for the emission of PM and PAHs. However at higher engine loading, reduction of PM, NOx, CO and PAHs emission were also noted.
In terms of fuel consumption, It was found that the use of blended fuels in diesel engine have no significant difference with petro diesel. Fuel consumption increased from 0.3% to 0.45% at idle mode and higher loading respectively. Similarly, break specific fuel consumption of BD2041 and BD3041 increased by 1.7% at higher loading status in relation to Petro diesel fuel.
In terms of pollutants emission, PM emission reduction at higher engine loading decreased at percentage of 3.7% to 27.5% at idle mode, and 4.2% to 84% for higher loading. Similar to other pollutant reduction, CO reduction was observed to be in the range of between 4.5% and 14.5% at higher loading. However, CO emission trend at idle mode was exactly opposite of the emission trend at higher loading. CO emission increasing ranged from 17.8% to 43.0% for idle mode but reduction range from 4.52% to 14.5% for higher engine loading.
NOx emission for blended fuels slightly decreased with the use of blended fuels in relation to Petro diesel fuel for both engine operation conditions. NOx emission reduction ranged from 1.09% to 8.70% for idle mode and 6.41% to 11.5% for higher engine loading. The emission of PAHs for blended fuels followed similar trend to PM and CO emission. PAHs emission reduction ranged from 12% to 54% for idle mode and 7.9% to 54.1% for higher engine loading. The results indicated that alcohol blended fuels have no significant effect on the performance of engine combustion. However, they are superior over Petrol diesel fuel in reduction of air pollution emissions.

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