在汽機車的事故中，一般人常會把焦點放在車速較快的前撞部分，而較容易忽略後撞的情形，尤其是低速後撞的情況，與前撞相比，外傷的程度較小，但在後撞的傷害上，最常見的為鞭甩性傷害(Whiplash Injury)，此傷害主要在於頸部椎間盤、韌帶、頸部肌肉以及神經的部份，其傷害一般並不會造成死亡，且在外觀上並不會有明顯的傷痕，但鞭甩性傷害會造成頸部疼痛，並使得頸部變得脆弱，以致於頸部在未來容易受到傷害。
　　本研究主要目的在於發展乘客的頭頸模型，用來模擬後撞所造成的鞭甩性傷害。一般在汽車碰撞測試中駕駛者及乘客是採用人體模擬測試裝置(anthropomorphic test devices, ATD)或碰撞測試人偶(Dummy)，但現今這些裝置並未能有效模擬出後撞所造成的鞭甩性傷害，因此將以現有的ATD頭頸模型做適當的修正，尤其加入鞭甩性傷害所著重的頸部肌肉及韌帶，並以適當的接頭(Joint)模擬椎間盤部分，將模型頸部以質量塊(Lumped-mass)連結，使之與真人頸部相似，分析受到後撞時頸部的運動及受力情形，並與現有的測試資料相比，以達到生物真實性的驗證。
　　針對已有的撞擊加速度訊號及其所產生的第一胸椎(T1)各方向加速度，利用頻域分析的技巧，以求得其間的轉移函數，用以推測在各撞擊速度下第一胸椎的加速度變化情形，以彌補局部頭頸模擬及測試所缺乏的部份，進一步以現今已有的傷害準則，搭配本研究模型，藉以了解傷害準則指標於後撞過程中隨著各個撞擊速度下的變化情形。
　　為了了解鞭甩性傷害與撞擊速度變化量的關係，本研究以固定加速度峰值(改變持續時間)及固定波形持續時間(改變加速度峰值)兩種案例用以改變速度變化量，比較現今已有的傷害準則NIC、Nkm、LNL及WIC所計算出來的數值，用以觀察傷害數值的變化趨勢，了解撞擊速度對於傷害的影響。

　　Most of vehicle accidental studies normally focus on the front high speed impact and easily neglect the rear–end collision especially in the low speed condition. With comparison to the front impact, the injury resulted from rear impact is usually slight. But, it could develop a kind of neck injury on intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles and nerves. This injury is called as whiplash injury. Whiplash injury couldn’t lead to fatal, but it may let neck weak and easily get hurt in the future.
　　The conventional anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) or dummies are usually utilized as the tools to evaluate the vehicle safety in the car crash test. However, their capability on the behavior of whiplash is insignificant. Therefore, there is a need to modify the current ATD neck system. In this study, the main purpose is to develop a head-neck complex model which is capable of simulating whiplash injury in the rear-end collision. To act like human, the head neck system could be modeled by adding the appropriate mechanical surrogates such as muscles, ligaments, and articulations in this complex. This head neck model is based on multibody dynamics and the volunteer test data in kinematics are used to perform the biofidelic validation.
　　Furthermore, the different energy level cases are performed and analyzed by using this new neck model. In the analysis, T1 acceleration plays an important role for developing whiplash injury during impact. However, the current T1 accelerations on volunteer and cadaver tests are insufficient and unavailable in the various impact speeds. Therefore, a proper approach to obtain T1 accelerations is needed. Based on the frequency domain analysis, T1 accelerations could be estimated by the transfer function according to the current available data. Then the performance of human head-neck and the risk possibility of the neck injuries could be understood by using this newly developed head-neck model in the different impact speeds.
　　In order to understand the relationship between whiplash injury and the parameters of the input energy, two different sets of simulation cases are performed in this study. They are the same peak of acceleration with different time duration and the same impact duration with different acceleration peak. The results with comparison to the current available injury criterion such as NIC, Nkm, LNL, and WIC, are discussed in this study.

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