環境永續議題近年在營建工程領域討論，並思考如何執行，然而缺乏實用的方法與工具，工程師不易著手加入永續作法。工程加入永續考量以設計階段最關鍵，量化、評估設計產品的環境績效，是一重要可著力方向。
本研究建立工程永續設計環境面項目及評估適用性，先回顧永續相關文獻，了解永續綱領規定。然後檢視營建永續設計案例，找出實務上可行的永續項目。接著透過訪談，以國內一個大型的工程顧問公司為個案，深入訪談實務設計者，及相關的業主及施工者，篩選並建立適合土木工程使用的永續設計項目及檢查表。此外，評估永續項目納入設計的適用性，提出永續項目對環境影響的成效、達成的難易度，及設計困難的原因與影響比例，最後利用案例測試，測試發展的永續項目實務上可以考量或採用，並建議六個指標以評估永續績效。
建立永續設計項目檢查表，共155個永續材料/設備或技術項目，依25類工作區分，並加以定義說明。比較永續項目達成的難易度，歸納設計困難的原因分為九類，包含主觀及客觀的困難：(1)業主、政策及法規，(2)自然條件，(3)經費、時間，(4)資料不足，(5)準則規範限制，(6)經驗不足，(7)資源技術，(8)施工及維護性，(9)界面協調。原因(1)~(4)屬於設計開始前的困難，原因(5)~(9)為設計過程中的困難。分析九類原因影響永續設計的比例，以自然條件最多(27%)，其次為業主政策法規、經費時間(16%)，經驗不足佔11%。設計開始前的困難影響比例大於過程中的困難。
最後以九個計畫試填寫建立的永續項目檢查表，由設計者勾選考量或採用的永續項目、人時。案例試用結果指出，合計永續項目考量、採用比介於24%~62%，建立的155個永續項目實務上確實可以考量或採用，永續人時比介於2%~13%，永續設計與傳統設計相比，開始需多投入人力。

Environmental sustainability issues have been widely discussed in the construction industry in recent years. Although some studies have examined sustainability, it is still difficult for engineering designers to incorporate sustainable concepts into their work without practical methods and tools. The design stage is key in the life cycle to integrating sustainability into construction projects. Quantification and assessment of project environmental performance can indicate the direction leading construction projects toward sustainability.
This study established environmental items for sustainable engineering design and assessed their applicability in practice. Through literature review of sustainable requirements and construction project practices, case project studies, and practitioner interviews, this research proposed 155 environmental sustainability items related to 25 design disciplines. A checklist of these sustainable items divided into technology and materials/equipment was created. Their levels of benefit and difficulty, reasons for difficulty, and proportions influenced were indicated. Finally, the checklist was tested on nine projects to check the applicability of the developed items, and six indicators were developed to assess environmental performance.
Nine reasons were found for the difficulty of incorporating sustainable items in design: owner, policy and law; natural precondition; budget and schedule; insufficient data; criteria and specification; lack of experience; resources and technology; constructability and maintainability; and interface coordination. Among them, 27% of difficulty was caused by natural preconditions, 16% of difficulty was caused by owner, policy and law, and budget and schedule, and 11% of difficulty was caused by lack of experience. 64% of difficulty derived from the former four reasons existing before design could not be governed by designers. 36% of difficulty derived from the latter five occurring during design could be overcome by designers.
Finally, the developed items were tested on nine planning or design projects for four months. Project designers used the checklist as a tool to mark considered items and record man-hours devoted to sustainability. The results show that their ratio of items considered and adopted are in a range from 24% to 62%, meaning the developed items can be considered or incorporated into design. Their proportions of man-hours devoted to sustainability are from 2% to 13%. Compared with traditional design, incorporating sustainability into engineering design initially needs more efforts by engineers.

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