隨著人口老化，高齡者口腔功能退化問題逐漸受到重視。口腔衰弱與營養不良、衰弱症及失能等不良健康結果有相關，然而台灣針對社區中不同照護需要高齡者之口腔衰弱狀況與其相關因子之研究仍相對不足。本研究旨在探討社區高齡者口腔衰弱之比例及其相關因子。
本研究採橫斷式相關研究設計，以台灣中南部社區之高齡者為研究對象，透過方便取樣共納入276位65歲以上參與者，涵蓋社區關懷據點、日間照護中心、居家醫療服務及樂齡大學的高齡者。以口腔衰弱五項檢核表(Oral Frailty Five-item Checklist, OF-5)評估口腔衰弱狀況，並蒐集人口學資料、生理功能、慢性疾病、社會心理狀況及口腔健康行為等變項。統計分析採描述性統計、卡方檢定、t檢定及多變量邏輯斯迴歸分析。
研究結果顯示，276位參與者中有197位符合口腔衰弱標準，比例為71.38%。多變量邏輯斯迴歸分析結果指出，性別、照護需要及進食功能(Functional Oral Intake Scale, FOIS)為口腔衰弱之顯著相關因子。女性之口腔衰弱風險顯著低於男性(odds ratio, OR = 0.27, p = 0.005)；需他人協助照護者之風險顯著高於獨立自理者(OR = 3.24, p = 0.028)。此外，相較於進食無限制者，進食功能受限者之口腔衰弱風險顯著增加(OR = 6.21, p < 0.001)。
本研究顯示，口腔衰弱常見於社區高齡者，且與性別、照護依賴程度及進食功能顯著相關。建議未來於社區及長照體系中納入口腔衰弱篩檢，及早辨識高風險族群並提供適切介入，以促進高齡者整體健康與生活品質。

This study investigated the occurrence of oral frailty and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in southern Taiwan. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted, and 276 participants aged 65 years and above were recruited from community care centers, adult day care centers, S1 home medical care services, and senior citizens learning centers. Oral frailty was assessed using the Oral Frailty Five-item Checklist (OF-5), which evaluates chewing difficulty, swallowing difficulty, oral dryness, dentition status, and oral motor function. Participants meeting two or more OF-5 criteria were classified as having oral frailty. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-samples t-tests, and multivariable logistic regression were conducted.
Among the participants, 71.38% met the criteria for oral frailty. Reduced oral diadochokinesis (ODK) “TA” rate and having fewer than 20 natural teeth were common indicators. Multivariable logistic regression identified sex, care dependency, and oral intake function as significant factors associated with oral frailty. Female participants had lower odds of oral frailty, whereas participants requiring caregiver assistance and those with restricted oral intake had significantly higher risks. The findings suggest that oral frailty is highly prevalent among older adults receiving community care services in Taiwan and is closely associated with functional decline and reduced oral intake ability. Early screening and intervention may help improve health outcomes and quality of life in older adults.

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