自工業革命之後，石油的大量使用以及溫室氣體的大量排放導致溫室效應漸趨嚴重，同時尋找替代能源之議題也逐漸受到重視，近年來以藻類進行生物固碳之方法受到越來越多的重視，尤其以螺旋藻為最有潛力的藻種。由於螺旋藻除了有高生長速率的特性之外，還可在鹼性環境下生長，因此非常適合用來進行煙道氣排放CO2的減量。螺旋藻可有效利用光合作用將CO2固定，轉為富含藻藍素之藻體，經適當的萃取之後，可將藻藍素應用於各種商業用途，如食品添加劑、食品染色劑、保健食品、化妝品、醫藥螢光標記等領域。因此，以螺旋藻進行生物固碳併行藻藍素之生產，實為一石二鳥的方案。
本研究首先進行光反應器的改善，主要是探討不同的光源、光波長以及亮暗週期對於藻體生長、藻藍素以及生產成本之影響。光源測試結果顯示，利用LED取代一般日光燈管TL5當作光源在相同光照強度下並不對藻體生長有任何影響，且對於藻藍素之含量有些許的提升(從14%到16%)，而光波長則還是以白光為最佳條件，但當亮暗週期從60:0 (min:min)下降至30:30 (min:min)時可以提升藻體對於光源之光合作用效率，並降低生產藻體及藻藍素之成本。
本研究亦利用微藻養殖廢液當作營養源來進行廢液回收併行養藻之可行性探討，分別進行了不同養藻廢液來源、不同置換比例以及額外補充氮源之測試。結果顯示在25%廢液置換率下，不論是養殖MB-1還是ESP-31之廢液皆不影響藻體之生長以及藻藍素之含量，由於ESP-31的養殖廢液顏色較深，並有些許的異味，因而選定以MB-1之廢液進行更深入之探討。實驗結果顯示，由25%置換比例增加至50%以及75%後，培養液中的營養源逐漸不足，而導致螺旋藻之生長速率以及藻藍素含量皆下降。最後選定以25%之MB-1養殖廢液進行添加額外氮源之測試，結果顯示經由額外添加氮源 (0.045M)可以些微的提升藻藍素之含量 (由11.9%上升至12.3%)。
本研究接著嘗試放大螺旋藻培養規模至50L操作體積，並觀察規模放大對藻藍素生產之影響，並選定對於螺旋藻的培養較適合的跑道式光生物反應器進行放大之測試。結果顯示，在反應器中八個不同位置測量出的藻體濃度差距不大，代表反應器之混和還算良好，並無藻體在死角位置沉澱的現象，因此進一步導入於實驗室規模下獲得最佳之實驗條件，進行螺旋藻放大養殖之測試及並觀察藻藍素生產之效能。
另外，本研究亦建構了創新的即時測定藻藍素含量之方法，利用藻體內含物的不同會導致藻體有不同顏色之特性，進行了RGB三原色分析儀之測定，再藉由傳統萃取藻藍素之方法以及應用吸光度計來測定藻藍素之含量所得之數據與三原色分析儀之數據進行比對，經回歸後得到不錯之檢量線(R2值達0.98)，可準確估算藻藍素之含量，對於即時監控藻體生長及藻藍素生產之狀況，有極大之幫助。

Global climate change has become a serious problem due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The effective ways towards efficient energy conversion, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide fixation are one of the most critical global issues at present. Recently, using microalgae, especially Spirulina platensis for biofixation of CO2 has been considered as a promising way, not only to reduce the greenhouse gases but also to produce useful bioproducts. With its characteristics such as high growth rate, efficient carbon dioxide fixation ability and capability to survive under alkaline condition, S. platensis is the most suitable microorganism used for CO2 biofixation. Spirulina platensis is also rich in C-phycocyanin (C-PC), which can be applied as colorants, nutritious supplements, diagnosis reagent, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is undeniably great potential of using S. platensis to fix carbon dioxide and simultaneously for C-PC production.
The study was aimed to redesign the light condition used in flat-type photobioreactor and focus on the influence of light source (from TL5 to LED), light wavelength and light-dark frequency on S. platensis. The results show that using LED as light source could slightly improve the phycocyanin content but did not influence the cell growth (0.7 g/L/d). The white light wavelength was found to be the best for the growth of S. platensis. The efficiency of light capturing increased as the light-dark frequency decrease from 60 min:0 min to 30 min:30 min, as the C-PC production per light energy increases from 466 to 566 mg C-PC/kW-hr.
This study also used wastewater from microalgae culture as a part of nutrition sources and water sources to cultivate S. platensis. The effect of wastewater from different microalgae culture, medium replacement ratio, and the addition of nitrogen source on cell growth and C-PC production of S. platensis was investigated. The results show that there is no difference between fresh medium and 25% wastewater from Mb-1 culture and 25% wastewater from ESP-31 culture, giving a biomass productivity of about 0.5 g/L/d and a C-PC content of 13%. This study chose Mb-1 culture as the wastewater source for the test of medium replacement ratio on semi-batch culture. As the wastewater ratio was increased from 25% to 50% and 75%, both the biomass concentration and phycocyanin content decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 g/L/d and 13% to 5%, respectively. When the medium was amended with 25% of wastewater from Mb-1 culture, the addition of nitrogen source (0.9375 g/L) can slightly increase the phycocyanin content.
Large-scale cultivation using 50L raceway photobioreactor (PBR) was also carried out for the biomass and phycocyanin production. The results show that the microalgae concentration in various positions in the raceway PBR has no significant difference, indicating sufficient mixing of the raceway PBR without the occurrence of microalgae precipitation at certain position in the PBR. The maximum biomass concentration can reach up to 1.8 g/L, and the biomass productivity was about 0.1 g/L/d which is higher than the reported performance in the literatures. The best culture conditions obtained from small scale cultivation were then adapted into the 50L raceway PBR to determine the efficiency of biomass and phycocyanin production in large scale cultivation. The conditions applied were as follows: amendment of 25% wastewater from Mb-1 culture; with 0.045M nitrogen concentration; 30 min:30 min light-dark frequency.. It was found that the growth of S. platensis in the large scale raceway PBR with the wastewater-amended medium decreased from 0.1 g/L to 0.08 g/L, while the C-PC content increased from 14.1 to 18.5%.
A rapid phycocyanin content estimation method was also developed using RGB measurement. . The RGB measurement was conducted on the microalgae samples and the calibration of RGB data and the phycocyanin content determined with conventional method (e.g., UV-VIS measurement) was constructed via linear regression. The results show that a good calibration between RGB data and C-PC content with a R2 value of 0.98. Hence, this rapid C-PC measurement method allows instantaneous monitoring of the cell growth condition and the phycocyanin content of S. platensis without any delay.
In summary, the strategies of photobioreactor design and wastewater utilization can help in minimizing power and chemical costs by 98% and 27%, respectively. In addition to cost reduction, our approach also has extra benefits of wastewater treatment and recycling of water resources . Therefore, with the proposed cultivation system, S. platensis provides great potential in low-cost phycocyanin production with increased environmental sustainability.

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