對於國台語雙聲帶的台灣學生來說，英語R音常造成許多聽力與發音上的困擾。依據BEST的PAM理論，以國語為母語的人應該覺得區別英語R和L音很簡單，因為這組對照音和國語ㄖㄌ對照音的辨音型態相對應，屬於PAM中的「雙音同化」型態。BROWN 的數據指出以國語為母語的成人在英語R L辨音測試的得分很高。但是研究者在課堂上觀察到的學生表現與以上理論和實證不相符。本研究旨在澄清這種現象，並探討造成學生語音辨識能力與過去研究分歧的原因是否為台語背景還是其他因素。參加三項聽力測試的學生有以台語為母語、國語為第二語言的學生、以國語為母語且略懂台語的學生，和國台語能力相當的學生共四十八位。平均年齡為九歲。實驗一是AXB形式的聽力測驗，比較英語R和國語ㄖ的異同，十六位以英語為母語的成人為對照組。實驗二和三以AX形式的聽力測驗檢測這三組學生是否能聽出英語R和L以及國語ㄖ和ㄌ的不同。測驗用字的母音有九個，以便同時檢驗相鄰母音是否對子音的辨識造成影響。結果顯示學生間的個別差異很大，但大體上以國語為母語的學生語音辨識成績最高；鄰近母音的影響和過去研究不盡相符。文中並探討學生分辨英語R和L以及國語ㄖ和ㄌ的能力是否有所關聯。最後討論母語的干擾、語音系統尚未成熟、或者社會語言學等因素的交互作用。此研究在理論、研究方法與教學上皆有所奉獻。

English /r/ is one of the most troublesome sounds for Taiwanese students, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) bilinguals, both in their speech receptive and productive performances. According to Best’s PAM theories, native Mandarin speaker’s discrimination of English /r/-/l/ belongs to Two Category assimilation pattern, mapping Mandarin //-/l/. The discriminability of English /r/-/l/ is supposed to be high for Mandarin speakers. Brown’s study (1998) also provides evidence for high discriminability of English /r/-/l/ for native Mandarin-speaking adults. Both theoretical prediction and research data contradict the teacher researcher’s observation in EFL class for Mandarin-speaking children with varying TSM levels. This study was proposed to clarify this observation and to examine if Mandarin children’s TSM background or other factors cause this deviation from literature. Sixteen TSM native-speaking children with fluent Mandarin, sixteen Mandarin-speaking children with weak TSM level and sixteen bilingual children with balanced Mandarin and TSM (mean age = 9) were recruited to join 3 listening experiments. Experiment 1 examined English natives and student groups’ discrimination between cross-language contrast English /r/ and Mandarin // in an AXB task, sixteen English native adults served as control group. Experiments 2 & 3 examined Mandarin native-speaking children and TSM native-speaking children’s discrimination between Mandarin //-/l/ and English /r/-/l/ contrasts in AX tasks. Nine English vowels were used to examine vowel context effect. Results indicated that there were various degrees of mastery on speech perception among participants with a tendency that Mandarin natives did better on discrimination tasks. The relation between participants’ abilities to discriminate Mandarin //-/l/ contrast and English /r/-/l/ contrast were investigated. About vowel contact effect, the data contradict or partly support the findings by past research. L1, L2, L3 transfer & interference, developmental immaturity, sociolinguistic environments were discussed. Theoretical, methodological and pedagogical implications were suggested.
Keywords: speech perception, second language acquisition, Mandarin, retroflex, /l/, /r/, //.

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