臨床上嚴重之骨缺損5-10%會延遲癒合或不癒合。目前主要治療方式為自體骨移植，但是受限於骨組織來源與取骨部位之傷害，因此替代骨組織之骨移植材料開始蓬勃發展，結合支架、細胞、訊號因子之組織工程材料即為其中之一。先前研究證實膠原蛋白有良好生物相容性促進骨癒合，碳酸基磷灰石接近骨組織礦物之成分常被用於骨移植替代物，因此我們實驗室開發含有膠原蛋白與碳酸基磷灰石之PCA基質，經乾燥形成PCA支架植入蘭嶼豬脛骨缺損模型探討PCA基質對於骨缺損之作用。首先確認支架材料特性，FT-IR圖譜顯示PCA支架存在碳酸基磷灰石之碳酸根與磷酸根與膠原蛋白主要官能基；膨潤度測試結果顯示支架PCA 2與PCA 3較PCA 1有幫助骨缺損癒合之較佳吸水性；ICP-MS元素分析結果顯示不同PCA支架鈣磷含量具些微差異。動物試驗由Micro-CT分析結果，使用不治療組動物試驗評估骨缺損癒合之不同觀察時間點(術後第六、第八週)，術後第八週骨缺損之癒合已達到正常骨組織體積之80%，術後第六週約達到正常骨組織體積之60%，為有效了解植入物在促進骨缺損癒合的效果，因此選擇術後第六週作為適當的觀察時間點。PCA支架植入蘭嶼豬脛骨缺損中，結果顯示碳酸基磷灰石之組別有促進骨組織再生之效果，但詳細機轉需要更進一步之研究。

Bone defects can be caused by several conditions (like major trauma) and brought inconveniency to the patients’ lives. However, traditional treatments such as autograft transplantation has the problems like bone source limitation and so on. In this regard, tissue engineering combining biomaterial scaffolds with growth factors or stem cells may strategically solve the above issue. Previous studies have suggested that collagen matrix is a well-biocompatible material while carbonate apatite enable acceleration of bone defect healing. Therefore, we develop PCA matrix consisting of these two materials, prepare the PCA scaffold by drying the PCA matrix and assess its efficacy using the Lanyu pig bone defect model. The material characterization assessment of the scaffolds with stoichiometric differences suggested Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) qualitatively demonstrate the presence of synthetic carbonate apatite inside the PCA matrix. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) elemental analysis suggested PCA scaffolds have minor difference in the amounts of Ca and P. The swelling test yield that PCA 2 and PCA 3 scaffolds have better ability of water absorption than PCA 1 to help bone defect healing. Micro-CT analysis evaluated effects of tibial bone defects regeneration. Before transplantation, we determined the most suitable observation time point of treatments. Regarding the self-healing of the untreated pigs, the pig at 6-weeks post-surgery showed less apparent bone defect recovery comparing to the one at 8-weeks post-surgery, suggesting that “6-weeks-post-surgery” be an appropriate observation time point for measuring the therapeutic efficacy of PCA scaffold treatments. At this time point, the PCA scaffolds treatment led to tibia bone defect regeneration in a superior manner, while comparing to the untreated control. In conclusion, our study suggests that the scaffolds with carbonate apatite have the potential to enhance new bone formation. Thus, optimization of the PCA matrixes generation processes may shed light on the treatment of bone defects.

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