| 研究生: |
簡正怡 Chien, Chen-Yi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
禁錮與越界:瑪莉˙愛倫˙瑪蔻《81號病房》中的瘋女人形象 Confinement and Transgression: Madwoman in Mary Ellen Mark's “Ward 81” |
| 指導教授: |
劉瑞琪
Liu, J.C |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
文學院 - 藝術研究所 Institute of Art Studies |
| 論文出版年: | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度: | 93 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 137 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 女性主義 、精神分析 、伊萊恩˙修華特 、米歇爾‧傅柯 、越界 、禁錮 、紀實攝影 、81號病房 、瑪莉˙愛倫˙瑪蔻 、精神病患 、瘋癲 、界線 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | transgression, Foucault, Elaine Showalter, Psychoanalysis, boundary, confinement, Mary Ellen Mark, documentary photography, Ward 81, mental patients, Feminism, madness |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:214 下載:3 |
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摘要
本篇論文主要探討美國攝影家瑪莉˙愛倫˙瑪蔻攝影中的精神病患形象,瑪蔻是六0年代後美國藝壇重要的紀實攝影家,她擅長拍攝遊走於社會邊緣的人物,並通過這些邊緣的人物呈現社會中許多關於貧困或禁忌的話題。本文試圖以瑪蔻於1976年拍攝的成名作《81號病房》為中心,從圖像出發輔以既有文獻詮釋來探討其中精神病患形象的再現。為了更全面地關注瑪蔻影像中的瘋癲理路,進而處理其中尚未被挖掘的矛盾瘋女人樣貌,筆者嘗試援引「界線」的概念,輔以法國學者米歇爾‧傅柯的瘋癲歷史論述、女性主義學者伊萊恩˙修華特對瘋狂與性別的主張,以及當代藝術評論對攝影再現邊緣族群的觀點,來詮釋《81號病房》內兩種截然不同的瘋女人再現:其一是備受醫療機制的嚴密禁錮,既卑微又弱勢的瘋癲女子;其二則是部分被忽略的、具威脅性的瘋女人形象。在《81號病房》中,這兩種瘋女人女人形貌猶如硬幣的一體兩面,建構出社會有效監禁的表象下,瘋癲非理性力量可能潛藏的逾越特質,同時也彰顯了瘋狂形像是如何溢出社會機制、觀者心裡以及影像機制的監控,呈現出對禁錮界線的質疑與逾越。透過本論文的撰寫,筆者除了一窺「社會(醫療)」、「性別」與「攝影」三個種權力層面在瘋癲形像上所銘刻的痕跡,也為西方再現精神病患的攝影研究,提出更多詮釋的可能性。
Abstract
This paper mainly explores the images of the mentally ill in the work of American photographer Mary Ellen Mark. Mark has been a major documentary photographer in the US since the 60s. She is famed for photographing people living on the fringes of society and addressing issues about poverty or taboos through these social outcasts. This paper focuses on Ward 81, the work that established her reputation in 1976, and discusses the representation of the mentally ill based on the photographs as well as relevant literature. In order to analysis the facets of madness shown in Mark’s pictures and deal with their yet to be explored images of conflicted madwomen, the writer tries to interpret the representation of two different types of madwoman in Ward 81 by applying the concept of “boundary” and drawing on French scholar Foucault’s discourse on the history of insanity, feminism scholar Elaine Showalter’s ideas about madness and gender, as well as the views about the photographic representation of outsiders in contemporary art criticism. One type is the humble and disadvantaged madwoman confined in a medical institution. The other type is the neglected, menacing madwoman. In Ward 81, the images of these two types of madwoman are like the two sides of the same coin and show the potential of mad and irrational forces to break out despite seemingly effective measures to imprison them. They highlight how madness can escape from the surveillance of social institutions, the viewer’s mind and the image mechanism, suggesting the questioning of confinement and the tendency of breaking out. With this paper, the writer seeks to explore the imprints left by the three power structures - “society (medicine)”, “gender” and “photography” - on the images of madness, as well as offer more possibilities of interpretation to the study of photographic representation of the mentally ill in the west.
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三、 網站
www.maryellenmark.com