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研究生： 黃晟豪
Huang, Cheng-Hao
論文名稱： 隔振軌道之車軌耦合系統動態特性
Dynamic Characteristics of Vibration Isolated Vehicle-Track Coupled System
指導教授： 郭振銘
Kuo, Chen-Ming
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 126
中文關鍵詞： 浮式道床 、有效長度 、減振 、車軌耦合 、輪軌接觸
外文關鍵詞： Floating slab track, effective length, vibration isolation, vehicle-track coupled, wheel-rail contact
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    • 近年來，節能減碳一直是世界各國共同努力的目標。 在交通運輸工具中，火車不論在運量、建設用地、能源消耗等各方面，都具有比飛機與自用轎車更多的優勢。然而，在全球化的影響下，火車被要求要不斷提升速度，在速度達到需求目標後，舒適性與安全性也被嚴格要求。而高速火車行駛過程中對周遭環境造成的振動與噪音影響，更是極待解決的問題。要解決這些問題，一個可靠的模擬模型是必要的工具。在人口密集的都市捷運系統或新建高速鐵路系統，版式軌道是目前較常使用的建設方式，本研究以浮式道床為例，探討具有隔振設計的軌道在列車行駛下之動態行為。在收集相關的浮式道床文獻後，本研究首先設計一個一維多自由度實驗，透過彈簧勁度與質量的改變做初步的探討，來驗證隔振設計的原理與功效。其次，透過結構動力學原理，建立車輛-軌道耦合動力方程組，並透過Newmark-beta法求解其動態積分數值解。在模型建立的過程中，許多傳統方法不夠完善的地方，本研究亦加以改善。其中，針對模型長度的收斂性問題，本研究提出有效長度評估方法，可以大幅降低傳統試誤法的運算量。並發現傳統輪軌接觸方法，在列車行駛於不平整軌道的情況下，會產生過大的輪軌力，造成誤差。因此，本研究以國際上知名的列車分析軟體SIMPACK做為建立三維輪軌接觸模型，提供所計算的輪軌接觸力做為比較。並以此為依據改善二維輪軌接觸模型，令傳統二維分析模型所計算的接觸力與三維模型的結果趨向一致。在建立完善的分析模型後，便透過模型分析軌道減振設計的功效。首先，計算浮式道床與一般不具隔振功能的版式軌道對環境施加的外力，以了解減振軌道的功效。分析過程中亦發現，較短的版塊不易產生撓曲變形，較長的版塊則變形行為較為複雜，連帶將造成較大的鋼軌扣件上拔力，增加軌道安全風險。本研究亦探討軌道系統的自振頻率，將軌道受力從時間域透過FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)轉換為頻率域，藉以了解軌道減振與外力頻率的關係。透過不同的鋼軌扣件與軌道版支承墊勁度組合，發現最佳隔振效果是勁度較大的扣件搭配較軟的軌道版支承墊，不僅可以隔絕軌道振動力傳遞到周遭環境中，又可以降低列車振動量。除此之外，在各種扣件、支承墊的模型下，列車速度所造成的動態衝擊指數與接觸力增加率也被完整的分析，以了解具隔振設計的軌道在不同材料參數下之動態行為。本研究亦探討具隔振設計的軌道可能產生的副作用，並發現在隔振的同時，軌道本身的振動量與噪音可能會被放大。

    Vibration induced by the high-speed train passing through an environmental sensitive area is an important issue to railway authorities. Researches have been granted to resolve the environmental impact generated from the vehicle-track interaction to the neighbor buildings. Models were established to simulate the vehicle-track interaction system which is the source of railway vibration. In this research, a mass-spring-damper series model was first assembled and tested with a displacement controlled vibration to validate the efficiency of the floating slab track on vibration mitigation. Then floating slab track is taken as an example of the vibration isolated track and was simulated through formulating a series of equations of motion. Newmark-beta method is applied to solve the initial conditional problem. Some critical problems in traditional model were found while establishing the model and were solved in this study. The effective length is determined with a simple index instead of the traditional trial-and error method. Thus, a large amount of computations are saved. The improved wheel-rail contact mechanism for two dimensional model is proposed because of a significant fault in the traditional model. SIMPACK, which is the well-known software on railway dynamics, was used to provide the reference solution from three-dimensional model. The improved method is able to make the contact force in two-dimensional model close to the contact force in three-dimensional model. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-track coupled system were examined. The short slab was found with larger deflection than the longer one. The deflection of the longer slab is more complex and may cause bending failure due to non-uniform uplift force to the rail clip. The calculating result is also transferred from time domain into frequency domain through FFT. The relationship between the frequency of the applied force and the natural frequency of the vibration isolation system is discussed completely. In addition, the impact factor and the force increase rate are also determined with different stiffness of rail clip and slab bearing to know the dynamic response of the vibration isolation track system. The disadvantages of the vibration isolated track itself were also discussed. With the vibration isolation, the dynamic response of the track and the railway noise may be enlarged as the side effect.

    中文摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES IX CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1-1 General Introduction 1 1-2 Overview of Dissertation 5 CHAPTER 2 MOTIVATION & PROBLEM STATEMENT 8 2-1 Introduction 8 2-2 Theory of Mechanical Vibration 9 2-2-1 DATA PROCESSING IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN 9 2-2-2 DYNAMIC LOAD FACTOR 11 2-2-3 FORCE TRANSMISSIBILITY 13 2-3 Experimentation of Dynamics on Multi-body Spring Mass System 14 2-3-1 BACKGROUND OF THE EXPERIMENTATION 14 2-3-2 CALIBRATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS 15 2-3-3 TIME HISTORY OF DISPLACEMENT OF TRACK SLAB 19 2-3-4 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF VELOCITY OF TRACK SLAB 22 CHAPTER 3 MODELING FOR VIBRATION ISOLATED TRACK 26 3-1 Mathematical Formulating 26 3-2 Convergence of The Model 35 3-3 Numerical Analysis 40 3-4 Model Validation 43 3-5 Dynamic Response Under Different Parameters 46 3-5-1 THE EFFECT OF RAIL CLIP STIFFNESS UNDER DIFFERENT TRAIN VELOCITY 46 3-5-2 THE EFFECT OF SLAB BEARING STUFFNESS UNDER DIFFERENT TRAIN VELOCITY 48 3-5-3 THE EFFECT OF SLAB MASS TO THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE MODEL 50 3-5-4 THE EFFECT OF SLAB LENGTH TO THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE MODEL 52 CHAPTER 4 VEHICLE-TRACK INTERACTION WITH IRREGULARITIES ON TRACK 55 4-1 Introduction 55 4-2 Improved contact mechanism on 2D model 57 4-3 Compared with SIMPACK 60 4-4 Comparision of Contact Force Between Improved & Traditional Model 68 CHAPTER 5 EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF TRACK MODEL 69 5-1 Introduction 69 5-2 Convergence efficiency of Track Model 70 5-3 Method to determin the effective length of model 71 5-4 Determination of the effective length for an continuously supported infinite beam 75 5-5 Effective length of track model 77 5-6 Justification of effective length on railway track deflections 79 CHAPTER 6 DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF TRACK WITH VIBRATION ISOLATED DESIGN 81 6-1 Introduction 81 6-2 Natural Frequency of Model 84 6-3 Effect of Vibration Isolated Design to Environmental Vibration 89 6-4 Force Distribution inside track system 92 6-5 Slab Vibration & Uplift Force of Clip 95 6-6 The effect of slab bearing on rail vibration 98 6-7 Optimization of rail clip and slab bearing delection 103 6-8 Vibration Transmission in Longitudinal direction 108 CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS 116 REFERENCES 118 PUBLICATION LIST 123 RESUME 125

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