本文首先分析電廠鰭管式熱回收鍋爐及表面式冷凝器之熱液動性能，再以興達發電廠實際之運轉數據比較理論之正確性。然後針對此二系統，依熱交換器設計中之LMTD（Log-Mean Temperature Difference）方法和ε-NTU（Effectiveness -Number of Transfer Unit）方法，各開發一套以Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 程式語言撰寫之交談式電腦輔助設計軟體，讓運轉及維修人員能迅速且正確地獲取有用的資料，充分了解熱回收鍋爐及表面式冷凝器的運轉狀況，而做出正確的判斷。

熱回收鍋爐應用軟體可執行：
1.性能評估(rating problem)：使用者輸入熱回收鍋爐的尺寸及燃氣側和管內側之流量、進口溫度，則可求出燃氣側和管內側的出口溫度及壓力降。

2.尺寸計算(sizing problem)：在預定燃氣側和管內側之各項運轉狀況後，從事熱回收鍋爐之尺寸設計。

3.清潔度計算(Cleanliness factor calculation) ：輸入熱回收鍋爐的尺寸及燃氣側和管內側流量、進出口溫度，則可求出爐管管壁清潔度。

表面式冷凝器應用軟體可執行：
1.性能評估(rating problem)：使用者輸入冷凝器尺寸及機組發電負載、汽輪機排汽溫度和管內側海水流量、進口溫度等，則可求出管內側海水的出口溫度及壓力降。

2.尺寸計算(sizing problem)：在預定冷凝側和管內側之各項運轉狀況後，可迅速且正確的得到管材、管厚（B.W.G）及管數的關係，達到最經濟之設計。

3.冷凝器運轉壓力計算(Operating pressure calculation)：輸入冷凝器尺寸及機組發電負載和管內側海水流量、進口溫度等，則可求出冷凝器運轉壓力，使機組運轉在最佳狀況，降低營運成本。

4.清潔度計算(Cleanliness factor calculation)：在冷凝器無堵塞時，輸入冷凝器尺寸及機組發電負載和管內側之海水流量及進出口溫度，可求得冷凝器清潔度。能讓維修人員判斷何時必須進行清管作業，以及評估清管作業後的效果。

5.堵塞率計算(Plug rate calculation)：輸入冷凝器尺寸及機組發電負載、汽輪機排汽溫度和管內側海水流量及進出口溫度，可求得冷凝器堵塞率。能讓維修人員預估何時必須降載，以清除冷凝器進口端污物，有助益於負載的調度。

　This paper analyzed thermal-hydraulic performances of the circular finned-tube heat recovery steam generator(HRSG) and surface condensers of power plant. Compare actual operating data of HSIN-TA power station with theory. Then, LMTD（Log-Mean Temperature Difference） and ε-NTU（Effectiveness -Number of Transfer Unit）methods is used, to develop a set of interactive computer-aided design software, written in Microsoft Visual Basic Language. This software allow the operating and maintenance personnel to acquire data promptly and accurately, grip the HRSG’s and condenser’s while operation situation by which accurate judgment can be made..

　The software applies to：
(1)Rating problem : Predict the performance when the dimensions are given.

(2)Sizing problem : Determine the necessary size when given the required performance.

(3)Cleanliness factor calculation : Find the Cleanliness factor when inlet and outlet data are given.

(4)Operating pressure calculation : Predict the Operating pressure when the dimensions and inlet data are given.（only for condenser）

(5)Plug rate calculation : Find the plug rate of condenser when the dimensions and operation conditions are given. (only for condenser)

Briggs, D. E. and Young, E. H., “Convection Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Air Flowing Across Triangular Pitch Banks of Finned Tubes ”, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., Vol 59, No.41, p.1-10, 1963.

Robinson, K. K. and Briggs, D. E., “Pressure Drop of Air Flowing Across Triangular Pitch Banks of Finned Tubes”, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., Vol.62, No.64, p.177-184, 1966.

Rabas, T. J., Eckels, P. W., Sabatino, R. A., “The Effect of Density on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Performance of Low Finned Tube Banks.” Chem.Eng.Communications, 10(1), p.127-147, 1981.

Gianolio, E. and Cuti, F., “Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drop for Air Coolers Under Induced and Forced Draft”, Heat Transfer Eng. Vol.3, No.1, p.38-48, 1981.

Skrinska, A., “Heat Transfer of Tube Bundles in Crossflow”, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, p.133-137, p.176-180, 1988.

Dittus, F. W. and Boelter, L. M. K., “Heat Transfer in Automobile Radiators of the Tubular Type”, University of California, Berkeley, Publications on Engineering, Vol.2, No.13, p.443-461, 1930.

Sieder, E. N. and Tate, G. E., “Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Liquids in Tube “, Industrial and Eng.Chemistry, 28, 1429, 1936.

Petukhov, B. S., Irvine, T. F. and Hartnett, J. P., “Advances in Heat Transfer”, Vol.6, Academic Press, New York, 1970.

Gnielinski, V. “New Equation for Heat and Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe and Channel Flow”, Industrial and Eng.Chemistry, Vol. 16, P.359-368, 1976.

Collier, J. G. and Thome, J. R., “Convective Boiling and Condensation”, p.15-18, Third Edition , Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1994.

Rohsenow, W. M., “A Method of Correlation Heat Transfer Data for Surface Boiling of Liquids ”, Transactions of ASME, Vol.74, p.969 - 975, 1952.

Chen, J. C., “Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluids in Convective Flow”, Industrial and Eng.Chemistry, Process Design and Development, Vol.5, No.3, p.322-329, 1966.

Shah, M. M., “A New Correlation for Heat Transfer During Boiling Flow Through Pipes”, ASHRAE Transaction, Vol.82, p.66-86, 1976.

Shah, M. M., “Chart Correlation for Saturated Boiling Heat Transfer: Euations and Further Study”, ASHRAE Transaction, Vol. 88, p.185 - 196, 1982.

Kandlikar, S. G., “An Improved Correlation for Predicting Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient in Horizontal and Vertical Tubes”, in：Heat Exchangers for Two-Phase Flow Applications, ASME, New York, 1983.

Kandlikar, S. G., “A General Correlation for Saturated Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Inside Horizontal and Vertical Tubes”, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol.112, p.219-228, 1990.

Schmidt, E., “Heat Transfer Calculations for Extended Surfaces”, Refigeration Engineering, p.351-367, April, 1949.

Kays, W. M. and London, A. L., “Compact Heat Exchangers”, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York, p.35-41, 1984.

Friedel, L., “New Friction Pressure Drop Correlations for Upward Horizontal and Downward Two-Phase Pipe Flow”, Presented at the HTFS Symposium, Oxford.(Hoechst AG Reference 372217/24 698), 1979.

Hewitt, G. F. Shires, G. L., and Bott, T. R., “Process Heat Transfer”, Ch. 14, CRC Press, 1994.

Baclic, B. S., “A Simplified Formula for Crossflow Heat Exchangers Effectiveness”, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol.100, p.746-747, 1978.

Eckert, E. R. G. and Drake, R. M., “Heat and Mass Transfer ”, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1959.

Shah, k., “Heat Exchangers Basic Design Method, in Low Reynolds Number Flow Heat Exchangers”, Edited by Kakas, S. Shah, R. K. and Berbles, A. E., p.21-72, Hemisphere/McGraw-Hill, Washington, D.C., 1983.

Bowman, R .A. Mueller, D. C., and Nagle, W .M., “Mean Temperature Differences in Heat Exchanger Design ”, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, vol.62, p.283, 1940.

Thomas, F. I. and Peter, E. L., “Steam and Gas Tables with Computer Equations”, First Edition, 1984.

Nusselt, W., “The Condensation of Steam on Cooled Surfaces”, Z.ver. Ttsch. Ing., p.541-546 and p.569-575, （Translated by Fullarton D.Chem.Eng.Fund., Vol.1, No.2, p.6-19）, 1916.

White, R. E., “Condensation of Refrigerant Vapors: Apparatus and Film Coefficients for F-12”, Refrig.Eng., vol.55, no.5, p.375, April, 1948.

Goto, M., Hotta, H. and Tezuka, S., “Film Condensation of Refrigerant Vapors on a Horizontal Tube”, 15th, Int. Congr. Refrig., Venice, Pap. p.1-20, 1979.

Butterworth, D., “Developments in the Design of Shell and Tube Condensers”, ASME paper 77-WA/HT-24, 1977.

Kern, D. Q., “Mathematical Development of Loading in Horizontal Condensers”, AIChE J., p.157-160, 1958.

Butterworth, D., “The Correlation for Cross Flow Pressure Drop Data by Means of Permeability Concept”, AERE report R9435, 1983.

Eissenberg, D.M., “An Investigation of the Variable Affecting Steam Condensation on the Outside of a Horizontal Tube Bundle”, PhD Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxvile. 1972.

Heat Exchange Institute, “Standards for Steam Surface Condenser”, Eighth Edition, 1984.

Groupe ALSTHOM, DELAS-WEIR Co. “Thermal and Mechanical Design of Condensers ”, p.3-12, 1997.

Singer, J. G., (Editor) “Combustion Fossil Power Systems”, Combustion Engineering Inc., 3rd Edition, p.6.23-6.26, 1981.

Stoecker, W. F. and Jones, J. W., (Editor) “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, McGraw-Hill Inc., 2nd Edition, p.233-259, 1982.

Hashizume, K., “Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Finned Tubes in Cross Flow ”, Heat transfer Engineering, Vol.3 , No.2, p.15-20, 1981.

Heat Exchange Institute, “Condenser Performance Paper”, 10 March, 1993 .

Kandlikar, S., Shoji, M. and Dhir, V. K., “Handbook of Phase Change : Boiling and Condensation”, Taylor＆Francis., 1999.

Tubular Exchange Manufacturers Association, “Standards of the Tubular Exchange Manufacturers Association”, 6th Editor., New York, 1978.

Zhang, C., Dutcher, C., Cooper, W., Diab, K., Sousa, A. C. M. and Venart, J. E. S., “Measurements and Modelling:A 350 Mwe Power Plant Condenser”, p.340-361, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.

Coit, R. L., “Power Condenser Heat Transfer Technology”, A Designer’s Approach to Surface Condenser Venting and Deaeration, p.163-180, McGraw-Hill Inc, 1981.