規模 > 6.5的地震常在發震斷層以外的地方觸發構造滑動，進而造成震源區以外的地表變形及破壞，然而這些構造往往因為觀測資料的不足，使我們難以討論其變形的原因。2016年2月6日，規模6.4，深度14.6公里的美濃地震受到盲斷層的錯動而發生在臺灣西南部，InSAR同震位移場顯示此地震大部分之地表變形呈現向西運動，然而在震央以西20-35 公里處的新化斷層及關廟市區的南北兩側卻出現局部反向向東的運動。本研究團隊於2016年美濃地震前三天在新化斷層周圍完成70個間距400-700公尺的GNSS移動站建置及施測，並於地震發生後一個月內完成了第二次的施測。本研究團隊也在美濃地震前5個月於新化斷層沿線架設9個單雙頻GNSS連續站觀測網。本研究結合研究區域70個密集GNSS移動站、5個單雙頻GNSS連續站、7個中央地調所的雙頻GNSS連續站及InSAR LOS同震位移來提高同震位移場之空間解析度，並透過此結果來仔細探討位於新化斷層周圍之反向變形的形成機制。本研究結果：新化地區同震位移場顯示反向變形長7 ~ 8公里，寬3 ~ 5公里，其走向與新化斷層斜交，呈北北東-南南西走向。位在反向變形上的觀測資料皆呈現約3.0 ~ 7.0 cm的東南方向水平位移，垂直方向則為0.4 ~ 4.4 cm的抬升，並且在垂直方向的變形並無明顯的邊界存在。本研究亦透過6個研究區域的高頻GNSS資料呈現反向變形的形成過程，結果顯示同震位移向東及向西的測站皆於P波抵達時開始晃動， 接著在S波抵達後5秒各測站陸續觀測到PGD伴隨著永久位移的出現，並且再經過7 秒左右各測站的晃動逐漸穩定。根據前人對研究區域的地表地質及地下構造調查，本研究認為位於那菝林背衝斷層上方，深度小於1公里的生長地層（走向 = 190˚，傾角 = 4˚~ 10˚，滑移角 = 90˚）受到美濃地震影響而觸發滑動較可能為反向變形形成的主因。對於其構造觸發滑動的機制，本研究提出兩種可能的解釋，（1）靜態應力改變超過構造強度，使其往東南方向逆衝滑動。（2）美濃地震的破裂方向性使構造受到地震波帶來的動態應力擾動，導致應力瞬間超越構造強度而使其滑動。由於靜態庫倫應力改變結果指出美濃地震對反向構造的影響微乎其微（~ 0.005 MPa），地震波觸發反向構造滑動的可能性相對較高。為了評估地震波觸發反向構造滑動的門檻值，本研究使用台灣強地動觀測網（TSMIP）所紀錄的美濃地震及甲仙地震加速度波形計算其PGV分布，並且位於反向變形上之GS29連續站時間序列顯示甲仙地震時沒有同震位移的發生，因此本研究推測觸發反向構造滑動的門檻大約介於57.2 ~ 90.0 cm/s之間。反向構造為一個相對於周遭較弱的斷層帶，若地震造成的靜態應力改變甚至是靜態與動態應力的組合影響超過其斷層強度，都有很大的機會使反向構造再活動。而在關廟市區南北兩側的向東同震位移雖然只有InSAR的觀測資料，但是其變形出現的位置很有可能與龍船背衝斷層有關，並且同樣受到地震波的觸發而滑動。

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