近年房地產價格扭曲地上漲，加上靠己力儲蓄置產的無力感，使得住宅提供者或購置住宅的資助者的重要性崛起，並且從本質上，住宅逐漸成為代間移轉的偏好選項。過往研究在台灣社會中驗證了住宅代間移轉與奉養行為有密切的關聯性，但在人口結構變遷與公部門移轉支出的變革下，當代的移轉決策仍有待討論。先前研究受限於資料庫的局限性，對於深層意義的問題不易深入探討。本文嘗試建構出台灣社會中住宅代間移轉的樣態與影響因素之框架，進而解釋行為背後的原因。
住宅代間移轉不僅存在於家庭內部更涉及於社會體系中，為能全面與完整的探究影響因子。本文透過集群隨機抽樣調查臺中市 45~64 歲育有子女的公職人員，並且分成二元與多項式羅吉特模型的兩階段實證分析，以釐清影響移轉決策行為的因子與住宅的移轉路徑的偏好。實證結果發現男性親代較傾向移轉，且親代對於男性子代仍有所偏好，呈現出父子軸的代間移轉模式。自評健康狀態、單親女性等變數則因為照護需求的產生與尋求新家庭支持資源而選擇透過建立代間契約以保障生活安全。另一方面，具有不動產繼承或置產時曾受過資助經驗的親代會顯著地依循相同路徑對子代移轉，再次驗證住宅代間移轉為資本複製的途徑與關鍵。親代會透過住宅代間移轉拉近與子代的空間距離。三種移轉途徑中，受調查者最偏好現金或借貸形式的資助方案。最後，驗證臺灣社會中，政策變革會促使住宅代間移轉的發生，換句話說，公共領域的變動確實會影響家庭內部的代間契約。

More recently, this mutuality has taken on a more critical salience as realignments in housing markets, employment, and welfare states have worked together to undermine housing access for new households. In this context, families have become increasingly involved in smoothening the routes of young adult members up the ‘housing ladder’ into homeownership. Housing Intergenerational support appears to have become much more widespread.
Previous empirical literature was limited by the database and couldnot understand the factors affecting decision-making behavior. By contrast, we take Cluster Random Sampling as the main way to collect data. And the estimates show that gender, age, marriage, and health status affect the decision-making behavior of intergenerational transfer. It also shows that women are in a relatively weaker position under the patriarchal social structure. The parents with the experience of inheritance or received financial support would significantly follow the same path of transfer to their children,
again verifying that the intergenerational transfer is an important way of capital replication. The expectation from parents of living together with their children also encourages them to get closer to each other through inter-generational transfer. Among the three transfer paths, the respondents most preferred cash or loan financing schemes. Finally, it is verified that policy change can promote the formation of intergenerational transfer in Taiwan society. In other words, changes in the public sphere do affect intergenerational contracts within families.

Andreoni, J. (1989). Giving with impure altruism: Applications to charity and Ricardian equivalence. Journal of Political Economy, 97(6), 1447-1458.
Arrondel, L., & Masson, A. (2006). Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: what do the data on family transfers show?. Handbook of the economics of giving, altruism and reciprocity, 2, 971-1053.
Arundel, R. & Lennartz, C. (2017). Returning to the parental home: boomerang moves of younger adults and the welfare regime context, Journal of European Social Policy, 27(3), 276-294.
Becker, G. S. (1981). Altruism in the Family and Selfishness in the Market Place. Economica, 48(189), 1-15.
Becker, G. S. (1993). Nobel lecture: The economic way of looking at behavior. Journal of political economy, 101(3), 385-409.
Belsley, D A. (1991). Conditioning diagnosis: Collinearity and weak data in regression. New York Wiley.
Bengtson, V. L. (1993). Is the “contract across generations” changing? Effects of population aging on obligations and expectations across age groups. The changing contract across generations, 3-23.
Bernheim, B. D., Shleifer, A., & Summers, L. H. (1986). The strategic bequest motive. Journal of labor Economics, 4(3, Part 2), S151-S182.
Buck, N., & Scott, J. (1993). She's leaving home: But why? An analysis of young people leaving the parental home. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 863-874.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ciani, E., & Deiana, C. (2018). No free lunch, buddy: past housing transfers and informal care later in life. Review of Economics of the Household, 16(4), 971-1001.
Coleman, J. S., & Fararo, T. J. (1992). Rational choice theory. Nueva York: Sage.
Coulter, R. (2018). Parental background and housing outcomes in young adulthood. Housing Studies, 33(2), 201-223.
Davies, J. B. & J. Zhang, (1995). Gender Bias, Investment in Children, and Bequest. International Economic Review, 36(3): 795-819.
Deng, W. J., Hoekstra, J. S., & Elsinga, M. G. (2019). Why women own less housing assets in China? The role of intergenerational transfers. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(1), 1-22.
Doling, J. & Ronald, R. (2010). Home ownership and asset-based welfare, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 25(2), 165-173.
Druta, O., & Ronald, R. (2017). Young adults’ pathways into homeownership and the negotiation of intra-family support: A home, the ideal gift. Sociology, 51(4), 783-799.
Elisabeth J. Croll (2006). The Intergenerational Contract in the Changing Asian Family, Oxford Development Studies, 34:4, 473-491
Engelhardt, G. V., & Mayer, C. J. (1998). Intergenerational transfers, borrowing constraints, and saving behavior: Evidence from the housing market. Journal of Urban Economics, 44(1), 135-157.
Finch, J. V., & Mason, J. (2003). Negotiating family responsibilities. Routledge.
Glazer, A., & Konrad, K. A. (1996). A signaling explanation for charity. The American Economic Review, 86(4), 1019-1028.
Goldscheider, F., Bernhardt, E., & Lappegård, T. (2015). The gender revolution: A framework for understanding changing family and demographic behavior. Population and Development Review, 41(2), 207-239.
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American sociological review, 161-178.
Granovetter, M. (1992). Problems of explanation in economic sociology. Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action, 25-56.
Greene, W. H. (1990). A gamma-distributed stochastic frontier model. Journal of econometrics, 46(1-2), 141-163.
Greenhalgh, Susan. (1988). Intergeneration Contracts: Familial Roots of Sexual Stratification in Taiwan,” in Daisy Dwyer and Judith Bruce eds., A Home Divided: Women and Income in the Third World, 39-79.
Hagestad, Gunhild O. & Katharina Herlofson. (2007). Micro and Macro Perspectives on Intergenerational Relations and Transfers in Europe,” Retrieved January 14, 2012
Hausman, J., & McFadden, D. (1984). Specification tests for the multinomial logit model. Econometrica: Journal of the econometric society, 1219-1240.
Heath, S., & Calvert, E. (2013). Gifts, loans and intergenerational support for young adults. Sociology, 47(6), 1120-1135.
Helderman, A., & Mulder, C. (2007). Intergenerational transmission of homeownership: The roles of gifts and continuities in housing market characteristics. Urban Studies, 44(2), 231-247.
Hermalin, A. I., Ofstedal, M. B., & Lee, M.-L. (1992). Characteristics of children and intergenerational transfers: Comparative study of the elderly in Asia research Report No. 92-21. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Population Studies Center.
Hochstenbach, C. & Boterman, W. R. (2015) Intergenerational support shaping residential trajectories: young people leaving home in a gentrifying city, Urban Studies, 52(2), pp. 399–420.
Hodgson, G. M. (1988). Economics and institutions. In Journal of Economic Issues.
Hosmer, D. W., Jovanovic, B., & Lemeshow, S. (1989). Best subsets logistic regression. Biometrics, 1265-1270.
Hurd, M. D., Smith, J. P., & Zissimopoulos, J. M. (2011). Intervivos Giving Over the Lifecycle. RAND Working Paper Series, No. WR-524-1.
Kleinbaum, D. G. (1994) Logistic regression: A self-learning text, New York: Springer.
Kmenta, J. (1971). Elements of econometrics (No. 04; HB139, K5.).
Kohli, M., & Künemund, H. (2003). Intergenerational transfers in the family: What motivates giving. Global aging and challenges to families, 123-142.
Komp, K., & Van Tilburg, T. (2010). Ageing societies and the welfare state: where the inter-generational contract is not breached. International journal of aging and later Life, 5(1), 7-11.
Köppe, S. (2017) Passing it on: inheritance, coresidence and the influence of parental support on homeownership and housing pathways, Housing Studies.
Köppe, S. (2017). Britain's new housing precariat: housing wealth pathways out of homeownership. International Journal of Housing Policy, 17(2), 177-200.
Kotlikoff, L. J., & Morris, J. N. (1987). How Much Care Do the Aged Receive from Their Children? A Bimodal Picture of Contact and Assistance.
Kotlikoff, L. J., & Spivak, A. (1981). The family as an incomplete annuities market. Journal of political economy, 89(2), 372-391.
Kumar, S. V. (1995). Growing old in rural India: prospects and problems. Challenges Before the Elderly: An Indian Scenario, 39-52.
Lersch, P. M., & Luijkx, R. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of homeownership in Europe: Revisiting the socialisation hypothesis. Social science research, 49, 327-342.
Lin, I. F., Goldman, N., Weinstein, M., Lin, Y. H., Gorrindo, T., & Seeman, T. (2003). Gender differences in adult children’s support of their parents in Taiwan. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 184-200.
Maddala, G. S.(1983). Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics.
Manacorda, M., & Moretti, E. (2006). Why do most Italian youths live with their parents? Intergenerational transfers and household structure. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(4), 800-829.
McFadden, D. (1973). Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior.
Mulder, C. H., & Wagner, M. (1998). First-time homeownership in the family life course: A West German-Dutch comparison. Urban studies, 35(4), 687-713.
North, D. C. (1994). Economic performance through time. The American economic review, 84(3), 359-368.
Quisumbing, A. R. (1994). Intergenerational transfers in Philippine rice villages: Gender differences in traditional inheritance customs. Journal of Development Economics, 43(2), 167-195.
Ronald, R., & Lennartz, C. (2019). Housing careers, intergenerational support and family relations. In Housing Careers, Intergenerational Support and Family Relations. Taylor & Francis.
Rossi, A. S., & Rossi, H. P. (1990). Of human bonding. NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
Simon, H. A. (1972). Theories of bounded rationality. Decision and organization, 1(1), 161-176.
Stark, O. (1999). Altruism and beyond. Cambridge Books.
Sung, L. S. (1987). Property and family division. Stanford University Press.
Szydlik, M. (2010) Intergenerational solidarity and conflict, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 97–114.
Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
Tomassini, C., Wolf, D. A., & Rosina, A. (2003). Parental housing assistance and parent‐child proximity in Italy. Journal of marriage and family, 65(3), 700-715.
Weber, M. (2009). From Max Weber: essays in sociology. Routledge.
Wong, E. S. (2013). Gender preference and transfers from parents to children: an inter-regional comparison. International Review of Applied Economics, 27(1), 61-80.
Yan, Y. (2003). Private Life under Socialism (California: Stanford University Press).
Yohanan Wax. (1992). Collinearity diagnosis for a relative risk regression analysis: an application to assessment of diet cancer relationship in epidemiological studies. Statistics in medicine, 11, 1273-1287.
王君茹(2003)。家產繼承性別偏好的臺灣經驗：族群、世代、婚姻狀況與社會結構地位。臺北大學社會學系碩士論文。
王國慶(2005)。我國老人福利政策的歷史制度論分析。社區發展季刊，109，52〜65。
伊慶春(2014)。台灣家庭代間關係的持續與改變：資源與規範的交互作用。社會學研究，3，189-215。
朱敬一和于若蓉(2012)。變遷中的臺灣家庭：自經濟研究的觀點剖析。臺灣及其脈絡，3。
李水生(2017)。公務人員退休金之研究—從憲法基本權保障之觀察。國立高雄大學碩士論文。
李安妮(1994)。對傳統貧窮研究方法的省思：一個女性主義的觀點。婦女與兩性學刊，(5)，165-183。
李酉潭(2012)。民主化對家庭決策權力關係之影響：台灣與中國大陸的比較。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。
李佳珍(2016)。論公務人員給與制度之改革—以權衡信賴保護、代際正義與公義原則為探討核心。世新大學碩士論文。
李珮君(2015)。我國公務人員退休金制度改革之研究。國立成功大學碩士論文。
沈秋霜(2012)。屏東縣國小教師理財態度與投資行為之研究。國立屏東教育大學社會科教育學系碩士班碩士論文。
依慶春(2014)。台灣地區家庭代間關係的持續與改變—資源與規範的交互作用。社會學研究，3，189-215。
林如萍(2010)。代間關係與互動類型：臺灣,韓國與日本比較。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。
林宗弘(2015)。臺灣階級不平等擴大的原因與後果。臺灣經濟預測與政策，45(2)，45-68。
邱皓政(2002)。量化研究與統計分析。台北市：五南。
姜渝生(2004)。家戶形成與擁屋歷程之多事件動態決策模型。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
胡幼慧和周雅容(1996)。婦女與三代同堂：老年婦女的經濟依賴與居住困境探索。婦女與兩性學刊，(7)，27-57。
徐美(2003)。台灣家戶組成與代間移轉的決定因素---家庭動態社會調查資料之分析。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
袁淑湄(2003)。應用混合 Logit 模型探討臺灣家戶住宅選擇之研究。國立成功大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。
張建海(2017)。公務人員退休制度改革之研究。國立中正大學碩士論文。
張簡儷詩(2009)。父母資產移轉行為之探討。國立中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文。
章英華(1994)。台灣的家庭研究:從家戶組成到家人關係。社區發展季刊，68:35-40。
許秉翔(2002)。當前台灣的住宅代間移轉，國立台灣大學建築與城鄉所博士論文。
許秉翔(2004)。住宅研究的社會經濟學取向—以家庭代間移轉為例的考察，國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報，11，21-34。
許哲晧(2017)。台灣婚姻與住宅選擇：性別差異下之比較。東海大學經濟系碩士論文。
連經宇(2003)。應用模糊語意方法與不連續選擇理論建立家戶購屋選擇行為模式之研究。國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩博士班博士論文。
陳元貞(2013)。公務人員對公保養老年金制度改革認知之研究—以考試院所屬機關為例。世新大學碩士論文。
陳育青(1990)。台灣地區世代移轉動機之探討。國立臺灣大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
陳信木(2017)。我國家庭結構發展推估(106年至115年)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。
陳彥仲(1997)。住宅選擇之程序性決策模式。住宅學報，(5)，37-49。
陳彥仲(1998)。對多項 Logit 模型參數指定方式之比較分析。交大管理學報，18(2)，
陳彥霖(2016)。我國公務人員退休政策發展之研究。國立臺北大學碩士論文。
陳淑美、楊亦權(2014)。台灣老人遷移、住宅權屬決策與經濟狀況之研究。物業管理學報，5(1)，61-76。
陳靜雯、賴宜櫻、蔡宜縉(2018)。我國實施基礎年金之可行性初探。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
彭淑華(2005)。婆家？娘家？何處是我家？：女性單親家長家庭支持系統分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，9(2)，197-262。
曾麗弘(1999)。世代移轉之利他動機與交換動機檢定。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
焦開山(2012)。中國老年人的居住方式與其婚姻狀況關係分析。人口學刊，197，78-86。
華昌宜(1993)。台灣即將進入「繼承社會」，中國時報，11月22日。
華昌宜(2002)。當前台灣代間移轉：財富繼承之社會經濟學探討。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
葉光輝(2009)。台灣民眾的代間交換行為：孝道觀點的探討。本土心理學研究，(31)， 97-141。
董安琪(2013)。少子化下依賴人口消費及代間移轉之研究。中央研究院。
董祥開(2018)。公務人員風險偏好、服務動機、與決策類型之關係—建立一個勇於任事的政府。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
靳燕玲(1994)。當前臺灣住宅代間移轉之探討。國立台灣大學建築與城鄉所碩士論文。
劉楚俊(1996)。代間遊戲規則的轉型與老年經濟安全。經社法制論叢，(17)18，85-104。
鄧凱文(2005)。台灣地區中老年人財產分配之研究。國立政治大學財政研究所碩士論文。
鄭麗珍(1999)。台灣女性單親家庭的資產累積與世代傳遞過程。台大社會工作學刊，1，111-147。
鄭麗珍(2000)。親屬互助原則與社會救助審查：以女性單親家庭為例。國立政治大學社會學報，30，113-143。
簡文吟(2008)。台灣婦女家庭地位研究-多維度家庭地位指標下的夫妻配對分析。國立臺灣大學社會學研究所學位論文。
關中(2010)。如何做一位好的公務人員。歷任院長重要談話，考試院。
龔翎(2013)。公務人員對2013年退休制度變革看法之研究—以交通部現職人員認知、態度及評價分析為例。國立政治大學碩士論文。