偏遠地區通常缺乏基本的清潔水供應服務。考慮到人口少，地理條件差和電力不足，本論文尋求一種利用太陽熱能/光電來產生清潔淡水的小型水處理系統來提供在偏遠地區使用並進行其可行性評估。這套所建議的小型水處理系統其特點是投資成本低，易於操作且維護需求少。印度尼西亞是其領土上擁有大量水資源，但對清潔淡水基本服務的覆蓋程度僅屬適中的國家之一，因此導致印度尼西亞易發生諸如痢疾之腹瀉類的水傳疾病。選擇濱海小島嶼的三個偏遠村莊和內陸的三個偏遠村莊來進行可行性評估，這些村莊反映了印度尼西亞在清潔水供應上的不利地區。
引入了兩個用水理念：理念一僅考慮飲用和烹飪用水，理念二還考慮盡加入水質要求較低的衛浴用水。另選出三個較成熟的利用太陽能蒸餾技術包括solar still, hybrid solar,和 Solar Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH)方法來產生乾淨的淡水。
利用回收年限以及淨現值方法來分析三個系統，分別用於單一家庭規模投資和社區投資。 結果以單一家庭為基礎的投資需要花費高昂的資本成本，其中solar still技術相對較為可行；若可以社區為開發基礎，solar HDH的這項技術相對較可行，區內每個家庭所需付出的成本也較以單一家庭為基礎的投資較低，但是還需要考慮一些其他優惠配套對策才能使這項投資具有投資吸引力。對於社區而言，與瓶裝水之售價相比，該系統提供的淨水投資價格仍是可觀，因為瓶裝水是這些地區現階段可以安全使用的飲用水，但仍遠遠高於一般城市使用的自來水。

Remote areas usually lack basic clean water services. Considering low population, poor geographical accessibility, and lack of electricity, a small-scaled water treatment system capable of producing clean fresh water associated with solar thermal/photovoltaic applications, which is characterized with low capital cost, easy operation and less need of maintenance, is employed in the techno-economic study. Indonesia is one of the countries which own a lot of water resources in their territories but have moderate coverage in water basic services. As a result, it is easy to cause waterborne diseases outbreaks such as diarrhea in Indonesia. Three remote villages in islets and three remote villages in inland, which reflect the disadvantage areas having clean water services of Indonesia, are chosen as the investigated locations in the study.
There are two scenarios of water demand discussed in the study. Scenario 1 considers single-grade water for drinking and food preparing, while Scenario 2 considers double-grade water including not only the water demand for drinking and food preparing but also the water demand with less strict quality for bathing, which is provided by mixing of the distilled water with the pre-treated water. Three available solar distillation technologies, including the solar still, hybrid solar and Solar Humidification-Dehumidification (HDH), are investigated in the study.
Both economic analyses in terms of payback period and NPV are employed for the feasibility study. Solar still is a feasible technology for most of household-based investment cases under either Scenario 1 or 2, although its yield is the lowest, among the three investigated technologies due to the shorter payback period (or higher NPV). In contrast, no case with solar HDH for the household-based investment can reach its payback before the system lifetime (assuming 15 years in the study). The performance of hybrid solar is in between these two technologies.
As far as the community-based investment is concerned, solar HDH is preferable among the three investigated technologies due to its shortest payback periods (around 10 and 6 years under Scenario 1 and 2, respectively) or highest positive NPVs. The selling water price obtained with hybrid solar has totally no potential to compete with that of the refilled bottle water ($18.15 / m3) adopted in the study.

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