現代人類社會的文明與科技的發展仰賴大量的能源供給，其中最重要的便是化石燃料，而大量地開發與使用化石能源卻逐漸引發各種問題，包含能源缺乏和溫室效應，嚴重影響人類一般生活與經濟活動，因此，尋求可行性的再生能源已成為非常重要且迫切的議題。其中生質能源中的生質酒精與生質柴油具有替代傳統汽油與柴油的潛力，因此受到廣泛的注意與討論。
生質柴油為一種替代石化柴油之能源，主要利用化學轉酯化技術將植物或是動物中的油脂轉化為物理及化學性質都與傳統柴油相當類似的脂肪酸烷酯類，在轉酯化反應進行時，適當的催化劑可以明顯提高反應的速率，縮短反應時間，因此對於催化劑的選擇在轉酯化反應時相當重要，考慮到反應後分離產物的簡易和方便回收觸媒，在本實驗中選用異相的固體觸媒來進行轉酯化反應。
本研究主要以MCM-22沸石 (zeolite MCM-22) 來作為轉酯化反應的觸媒，然而在未經改質過的MCM-22沸石的催化轉酯化的效果有限，因此實驗中先將沸石進行改質，利用離子交換的方式，將金屬離子擔載於觸媒表面上來增加其反應活性，以達到較好的轉酯化反應效率，藉由改變不同鹼金屬的來源、濃度、pH值和離子交換時間，來探討其對轉酯化反應的影響。此外，改變反應的各項條件，包含觸媒和反應物甲醇的使用量、反應溫度、攪拌速率和含油酸比例，探討觸媒的催化活性。
從實驗的結果可得知，經1A族離子改質過後的MCM-22沸石具有不錯的催化能力，可以在反應2小時內，產率達到90%以上，而且可以重複使用2到3次。而在含有5%油酸的情況下，使用經10 wt%氫氧化鈉離子交換0.5小時之後的MCM-22沸石來進行轉酯化反應，可以在5小時之內到達90%左右的產率，代表實驗中所製備的MCM-22沸石可以應用在低品質油料的轉酯化反應上。

The rapid development of technology has pushed more demands in energy that is mainly supplied from fossil fuels. However, the extensive consumption of fossil energies not only leads to grave environmental problems, but also seriously affects human’s daily life and economic activities. Therefore, it is critical to realize the use of renewable energies. With biomass origins, bioethanol and biodiesel are promising alternative energies, worthy of being studied. Biodiesel is a mixture of alkyl esters, which is commonly produced by catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides in excess methanol. Addition of suitable catalyst in transesterification can significantly improve the reaction rate. In order to separate and recover the spent catalysts more easily, solid catalyst is chosen for the transesterification reaction. In this study, Zeolite MCM-22 is chosen as the catalyst in transesterification. Before transesterification reaction, it is necessary to modify zeolite MCM-22 by ion exchange method to increase its catalytic activity. Parameters which affect transesterification such as the alkali metal source, concentration, pH value and ion exchange time would be investigated. Moreover, the reaction conditions including the amount of catalyst and methanol, the reaction temperature, stirring rate, and the ratio of oleic acid would be also discussed. The conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel could reach 97.4% in 1 h in the presence of zeolite MCM-22 ion-exchanged with 10 wt%-eq. NaOH for 0.5 h. Catalytic performance of zeolite MCM-22 in transesterification still sustain good catalytic effect at least for three batch cycles.

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