螺絲製造過程中所使用之金屬加工用油(Metalworking Fluids, MWFs)多為循環使用，製程中會因機具碰撞或因摩擦生熱而導致之加熱-蒸發-凝結過程使MWFs產生液滴與霧滴(簡稱油霧滴)而逸散於作業環境中。MWFs成份為碳氫化合物，內含多環芳香族碳氫化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)、有機化合物以及金屬化合物，在循環使用的過程中可能會導致其內PAHs及金屬的累積。油霧滴暴露會造成不良健康效應，除PAHs及金屬本身外，亦可能與粒狀污染物上的活性含氧物種(reactive oxygen species, ROS)對細胞產生氧化性壓力(oxidative stress)有關。對於粒狀污染物之ROS生成機制則可能與PAHs及金屬有關。本研究目的為瞭解搓牙製程中MWFs在不同使用時間下，其PAHs與金屬含量之變化，及其對作業場所中所逸散之油霧滴、PAHs、金屬及ROS濃度之影響。本研究以八階階梯式衝擊採樣器(Marple 298)針對螺絲製造業之搓牙作業場所進行四次不同時間之區域粒徑分佈採樣。所捕集之樣本經前處理後進行PAHs、金屬與ROS分析。研究結果顯示，四次不同MWFs使用時間下油霧滴濃度皆以細微粒(佔86.0-88.6%)為主，且其粒徑分佈不會受到產率高低之影響。就不同MWFs使用時間而言，作業場所中分佈於粗粒徑(Coarse mode)之PAHs以高分子量PAHs(HMW-PAHs)為主；細粒徑(Fine mode)則以低分子量PAHs (LMW-PAHs)為主；總PAHs濃度則以Fine mode為主。作業場所中每單位油霧滴重量之總PAHs(Total-PAHs)含量隨著MWFs循環使用時間而有增加的趨勢，其中LMW-PAHs隨MWFs循環使用時間的增加而降低，但MMW-PAHs及HMW-PAHs卻呈相反趨勢，此現象與MWFs中不同分子量之PAHs濃度之變化具相同之趨勢。作業場所中每單位油霧滴重量之金屬含量會隨著MWFs循環使用時間越久而有增加的趨勢，此結果與MWFs中金屬元素濃度具有相同之趨勢。作業場所中ROS濃度會隨著MWFs使用時間越久而增加。就PAHs及金屬元素濃度分別與ROS濃度之相關性探討之，可發現結合粗粒徑及細粒徑之總PAHs濃度(C-Total-PAHs及F-Total-PAHs)可解釋作業環境中ROS濃度之變異51%；結合粗粒徑之鈉及鐵濃度(C-Na及C-Fe)則可解釋作業環境中ROS濃度之變異92%。預測模式方面，經由迴歸分析發現以產率推估作業環境中LMW-、MMW-、HMW-PAHs、金屬及ROS濃度，其解釋力分別為70.0%、78.0%、85.0%及77.0%，可知此預測模式可有效評估作業環境中LMW-、MMW-、HMW-PAHs及金屬濃度逸散情形。綜合上述之結果，可知螺絲廠搓牙製程中隨著MWFs循環使用，PAHs、金屬及ROS濃度呈現越來越高趨勢，採用空氣污染防治設備實有其必要性。

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used recycling in fastener manufacturing industries. Oil mists found in the workplace are formed via the impaction of MWFs and heating- evaporation- condensation process caused by the frictions of machines. MWFs are made of the hydrocarbons, containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic compounds, and metal elements. Recycling of MWFs lead to the accumulation of their PAH and metal contents. Workers exposed to oil mists could cause adverse health effects. Studies have indicated that adverse health effects may derive from not only PAHs and metals but also oxidative stress, initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formation mechanism of ROS on particles may relate to PAHs and metals. The objective of this study is to determine the impact associated with the change of MWFs on oil mists, PAHs, metals and ROS concentration in the workplace at the different period of metalworking fluids in the threading process. The eight-stage cascade impacter (Marple 298) was used in static sampling to collect particle and segregate particles in sizes. The collected particles were pretreated for analyzing their chemical compositions including metals, PAHs, and ROS. The results show particle size distributions of oil mists occurred in the workplace were dominated by the fine mode (86.0-88.6%) for samples collected at the different of metalworking fluids. And particle size distributions weren’t influenced by the production rate. PAHs concentrations of coarse particles in the workplace were dominated by the HMW-PAHs at the different period of metalworking fluids; PAHs concentrations of fine particles were dominated by the LMW-PAHs; Total PAHs concentrations were dominated by the fine particles. The longer MWFs were used, more amounts of PAHs concentration were found. The longer MWFs were used, the less the amounts of LMW-PAHs concentration could be found. The longer MWFs were used, more amounts of MMW-PAHs and HMW-PAHs concentration were found. The results show the same trend with the different molecular weight PAHs in MWFs. The longer MWFs were used, more amounts of metals concentration were produced. The results have the same trend with metals concentration in MWFs. The longer MWFs were used, higher ROS concentration were produced. The relationship between the different molecular weight PAHs and metals concentrations and ROS concentrations was determined. The result found that the combination of both coarse particles and fine particles of total PAHs could explain the variations of ROS concentrations up to 51%. The combination of both coarse particles of Fe and Na could explain the variations of ROS concentrations up to 92%. By conducting regression analyses, this study found that the production rate would be able to explain the variations of LMW-, MMW-, HMW-PAHs, and metals concentrations up to 70.0%, 78.0%, and 85.0%. The above result clearly indicates that the predicable model was a useful method for assessing LMW-, MMW-, HMW-PAHs, metals and ROS concentration in the workplace. In conclusion, the longer MWFs was used, more LMW-, MMW-, HMW-PAHs, metals and ROS concentrations were produced suggesting that appropriate air pollution control devices should be used in this industry immediatedly.

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