| 研究生: |
黃小芸 Huang, Hsiao-Yun |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
從國家-社會之互動關係看新加坡分流教育之發展 The Development of Streaming Education System in Singapore: A View of State-Society Interaction |
| 指導教授: |
宋鎮照
Soong, Jenn-Jaw |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治學系碩士在職專班 Continuing graduate program in political economy |
| 論文出版年: | 2019 |
| 畢業學年度: | 107 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 189 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 新加坡 、菁英主義 、分流教育 、國家與社會 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Singapore, elitism, streaming education, state and society. |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:215 下載:2 |
| 分享至: |
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基於「國家脆弱性」與生存及效率驅動所發展出的分流教育系統,是新加坡教育的重要特色。新加坡學子的「學力」表現向來也在各種評比與競賽上獲得肯定,並為國家培育未來領導階層與產業升級所需人才,但亦存在著過度「學業競賽」所帶來的高壓、以學習成績作為分流依據帶來的負面標籤效應,以及對資源不足弱勢家庭出身的學子不利的問題。本論文採用文獻分析法,檢視充滿菁英主義色彩的分流教育系統的形成背景,包含新加坡國家與社會關係的型態與共識(consensus),以及其間經歷的變革與在政治、經濟及教育政策領域上國家與社會間的互動,並使用Nordlinger國家自主性的概念性工具,描繪新加坡建國後50年間的分流教育系統的發展歷程。
在政治上可看得出屬於建立政府開放與柔軟形象、化解國家與社會歧異、增進一體感的作為。比較特別的是,這些作為所謂的凝聚效果並非僅是在凝聚社會間分立或對峙的力量,也在平衡不同階級間的相對剝奪感或化解貧富間的差距,而更係用來弭平國家主張經濟增長、穩定和秩序與社會間期待意義與價值的偏好分歧。自1997年起,當局就開始推動具有教育系統減壓功能的政策,試圖調整傳統填鴨式高壓學習的印象,首先是「思考學校,學習國家」、2005年「少教多學」、2008年正式取消在小學階段即進行分流,2012年「每所學校都是好學校」,都是在某些層面及程度上回應社會中因為教育系統過度競爭造成的高壓與焦慮,都可以視為對菁英主義的漸進式修正。
Streaming education is an important feature in the education system in Singapore. The present study examines the interaction between the state and society in the relevant policy domains and further investigates the development of the streaming education system and the change during the education reformation periods.
Politically, the government has endeavored to establish an open soft image to respect different viewpoints. It eliminates the disparities between the state and society and therefore enhances the sense of unity. It is noted that the cohesive effects not only harmonizes the conflicts in the society, balance the relative deprivation between different classes but reconcile the gap between the rich and the poor. Further, it helps stabilize the state by decreasing the differences between economic growth, stability and order and different preferences of expectations and values of the society.
Educationally, Singapore has promoted new policies since 1997 with an aim at the decompression of learning and modifying the traditional high-pressure cramming learning methods. For example, Singapore carried out educational policies like “Thinking Schools, Learning Nation” in the very beginning, “Teach Less, Learn More” in 2005, the official termination of the streaming education system in the primary school in 2008, and “Every School A good School” in 2012. The new educational reformation showed its attempt to fix the high pressures and anxiety in school caused by excessive competition in the education system and could be viewed as the gradual revision or modification of elitism.
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六、政府文件
a.中文
《國家教育研究院研究報告》,2011,〈新加坡義務教育政策之研究〉,研究主
持人:許民忠,計畫編號NAER-99-24-C-1-01-04-1-05。
Singapore Economic Development Board, 2016,〈新加坡經濟發展史〉, https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/zh/why-singapore/about-singapore/our-history/1960s.html(accessed Aug 30, 2018)
b.英文
Goh Keng Swee and the Education Study Team .1979. Report on the Ministry of Education 1978. Singapore : Singapore National Printers.
Ministry of Education , Singapore. 1991. Improving primary school education : report of the Review Committee. Singapore: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education , Singapore. 2000. Report of the Committee on Compulsory Education in Singapore.
Ministry of Education , Singapore. 2002. Report of the junior college/upper secondary education review committee Singapore: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education, Singapore. 2017. Education Statistics Digest 2017.
Ministry of Education, Singapore. 2018. Education Statistics Digest 2018.
Ministry of Manpower, Singapore. 2018. Singapore Yearbook Of Manpower Statistics, 2018.
Singapore Department Of Statistics. 2019a. M850001 - Indicators On Education And Literacy, Annual. https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/create
DataTable.action?refId=12759
Singapore Department Of Statistics. 2019b. M810001-Indicators On Population, Annual. https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.
action?refId=14912
Singapore Department Of Statistics. 2019c. M810671 - Singapore Citizens By Age Group, Ethnic Group And Sex, End June, Annual. https://www.tablebuilder.
singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/createDataTable.action?refId=15689
Singapore Government gazette. Acts Supplement, 27 Oct 2000.
National Archives of Singapore. 2004. Remaking Singapore Committee Recommendations : Government says ‘yes’ to majority .
Singapore Parliament. 2004.Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. Head Q – Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts.. Vol. 77, cols. 1552–1555.
Singapore Parliament. 1965.Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. (, December 20). Yang di-Pertuan Negara’s Speech, Debate on the Address (Fifth Day).. Vol. 24, cols. 345–374.