現今全球面臨老年化社會，台灣也不例外，老年人口及失能人口日益增加及城鄉落差使各區發展不均所帶來的問題，使醫療照護之方便性可及性的議題成為當局急需解決的挑戰。
產業發展及民眾運具使用習慣都影響著整個城市的交通發展，臺南市交通政策白皮書提到，隨著科技與科學園區的開發，臺南已奠定了高科技業發展的基礎。受到產業轉型、經濟發展及科技進步的影響，不僅都市化地區人口更趨密集，使得人口外移與老化、城鄉差異顯而易見，同時在私人機動運具使用的比例亦隨之成長，居高不下。超過七成的汽機車使用率，對於臺南市的街道與交通安全產生莫大的衝擊與挑戰。
大眾運輸的發展有助於各區之交通平衡，臺南近年逐漸進行台鐵地下化，地下化工程能使都市更新發展，消除鐵路對市區之阻隔屏障、疏解日益嚴重的都市交通、整合都會區運輸系統；另外，捷運之建設籌備及從民國102年起台南公車路網大改革，區分為幹支線公車，但因為偏鄉地區班次路線相對較少，故依然存在偏鄉交通不便問題。
本研究將採用可及性指標，評估台南各區之可及性，利用各地區大型醫院之醫療服務及公共運輸服務為可及性指標，研究公共運輸與私人運具間在時間及空間之差異。研究顯示醫療服務在公共運輸可及性為市中心的北區、中西區和東區及鐵路沿線的善化和永康較佳，在私人運輸可及性普遍都高，僅有靠近山區的玉井、南化和楠西較低。希望研究之結果能讓公私部門使用更準確的方式來推廣以及佈署公車路線、利用相關配套補足公共運輸較不足之區域、提升整體城市之運輸公平性。

The world is facing a situation without precedent: We soon will have more older people than children and more people at an extreme old age than ever before, Taiwan is no exception. The increasing number of the elderly and the disabled, and uneven development of various districts caused by rural-urban disparity, making the issue of medical care accessibility has become an urgent challenge for the authorities.
Industrial development and the resident’s habits to use transportation have affected the transportation development of the entire city. The Tainan City Traffic Policy White Paper mentions that with the development of Tainan Technology Industrial Park and Tainan Science Park, Tainan has laid the foundation for the development of the high-tech industry. Due to industrial transformation, economic development ,and scientific and technological progress, not only the population of urbanized areas are becoming denser, but also the migration and aging of the population and the difference between urban and rural areas are obvious. Meanwhile, the proportion of the use of cars and motorcycles has also grown. More than 70% of the use of private transportation has a great impact on the street and traffic safety of Tainan City.
The development of mass transportation would help the equity of access opportunities in various districts. In recent years, Tainan Government has carried out the undergroundization of the Taiwan Railway. To move railway track underground can revitalize the city, eliminate the barrier of the railway in the metropolitan area, ease the increasingly serious urban traffic, and integrate the transportation system of the urban area. In addition, the preparations for the construction of the MRT and the reform of the Tainan bus road network since 2013. Tainan bus road network is divided into a mainline and branch line, but because there are relatively few routes in someplace. There is still a problem of inconvenient traffic in the rural township.
This study uses the accessibility indicators to evaluate the accessibility of each district in Tainan. And use the large hospitals and transportation data of each district as accessibility indicators to study the time and spatial difference between public transport and private transport.
The public transportation accessibility for medical service in the districts around the city center and railway like North, West Central, East, Shanhua, and Yongkang are better; The private transportation accessibility for medical service in most districts are high, only the districts around the mountain are relatively low, likeYujing, Nanhua, and Nanxi.
It is hoped that the results of the study will enable the public sectors and civil society to use more accurate methods to promote and deploy bus routes, in order to improve the fairness of transport in the whole city.

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