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研究生: 曾柏裕
Tseng, Bo-Yu
論文名稱: 選擇性雷射燒結(SLS)溫度及孔隙性之研究
A study of the sintering temperature and porosity in selective laser sintering(SLS)
指導教授: 林震銘
Lin, Jehn-ming
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 102
中文關鍵詞: 雷射燒結粉末預置厚度孔隙性
外文關鍵詞: laser sintering, preset powder thickness, porosity
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  • 本研究主要探討選擇性雷射燒結(SLS),於不同的預置粉末厚度下,微觀組織的差異及孔隙率之探討。藉由初始一預置粉末厚度,並將移動之雷射光熱源施加於粉末表面上進行掃描加工。數值分析部分是利用有限元素分析軟體—ANSYS以熱機非耦合之方式進行模擬,模擬掃描路徑移動之軌跡,並探討於轉角點處時,不同的雷射功率、不同的粉末預置厚度及不同的移動速度下於轉角點及掃描線段上之溫度變化。
    實驗方面以連續式波長1064 nm 之Nd-YAG雷射加熱以固定比例4:1(不銹鋼:紅銅)配置之金屬粉末,利用掃描振鏡配合控制軟體控制移動的軌跡及掃描間距。以雷射功率、掃瞄速度及預置粉末厚度為實驗參數,探討雷射燒結試件之表面形貌及孔隙性之影響。模擬與實驗結果顯示,隨著預置粉末厚度增厚、雷射功率增加及較低的掃瞄速度情況下,其雷射燒結試件之成形性越佳,但是如果掃描速度為0.5mm/s時,雷射燒結試件會有破裂及翹曲之狀況產生。

    This study focused on selective laser sintering (SLS) at different preset powder thickness, temperature, microstructure and discuss difference of porosity. Scanning process is completed with a preset initial powder thickness and movement of laser light source applied to the surface of the powder. Numerical analysis used finite element analysis software –ANSYS to simulate the moving heat source with uncoupled thermo-mechanical approach, and discussed different laser power and preset power thickness at the sintering temperature under different moving speed at a corner point.
    The experiments were performed by heating with Nd-YAG laser at a wavelength of 1064 nm at a fixed powder ratio of 4: 1 (stainless steel: copper), and using scanning galvanometer, incorporated with control software to control moving track and scanning pitch. Laser power, scanning speed and preset powder thickness were selected as experimental parameters, where the morphology of laser sintering specimen with porosity was inspected. Among the results of simulation and experiments, it suggested that the formability of the laser sintering specimen came up better under increasing preset thickness of powder and laser power, as well as lower scanning speed; however, if the scanning speed is up to 0.5mm/s, the laser sintering specimens would ruptured with warpage.

    目錄 摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ 誌謝 VI 目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XIII 符號說明 XVIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究背景與目的 1 1-2 文獻回顧 4 1-2-1雷射燒結孔隙率探討 4 1-2-2雷射燒結溫度量測分析 6 1-2-3雷射燒結溫度場分析 8 1-3 本文架構 11 第二章 相關理論 12 2-1 液相燒結原理 13 2-1-1液相燒結過程 14 2-1-2影響液相燒結因素 17 2-1-3影響液相燒結品質 18 2-1-4液相燒結驅動力 20 2-2表面張力之定義 21 2-2-1表面張力和溫度之關係 22 2-2-2表面張力和接觸角關係 24 2-3 材料混合定律 26 2-3-1比熱、密度、楊氏係數、熱膨脹係數混合定律 26 2-3-2熱傳導係數混合定律 27 第三章 數值模擬 28 3-1 ANSYS軟體介紹 28 3-2 材料性質 30 3-3 模型及網格 32 3-4 基本假設 35 3-5 模擬參數 38 3-6結果與討論 40 3-6-1預置粉末厚度及雷射功率對燒結溫度之影響 40 3-6-2預置粉末厚度及移動速度對燒結溫度之影響 48 3-6-3加工路徑及粉末預置厚度對溫度之影響 54 3-7數值模擬總結 57 第四章 實驗 60 4-1 實驗前置作業 60 4-1-1 功率量測實驗 60 4-1-2 使用粉末介紹 62 4-1-3 孔隙率量測實驗 63 4-1-3-1孔隙率量測方法介紹 63 4-1-3-2 影像分析孔隙率方法 66 4-2 溫度量測實驗 67 4-2-1 溫度量測實驗配置 67 4-2-2溫度量測結果 69 4-3 雷射燒結實驗 73 4-3-1 實驗配置 73 4-3-2實驗設備介紹 75 4-3-3 燒結實驗 78 4-3-4掃描速度和預置粉末厚度與燒結試件之關係 80 4-3-5雷射功率和預置粉末厚度與燒結試件之關係 84 4-3-6燒結試件和孔隙率關係 86 4-3-6-1雷射功率和孔隙率關係 86 4-3-6-2 掃描速度和孔隙率關係 88 4-4 實驗結論 90 4-5數值分析與實驗結果比較 94 第五章 結論 96 5-1 綜合討論與結論 96 5-2 未來發展與建議 100 參考文獻 101

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