空載光達結合了定位、定方位及雷射掃瞄系統進行觀測，其誤差來源大部分是屬於系統誤差。由於系統誤差會造成光達點雲座標定位偏差，因此必須了解並消除或減少因系統誤差所造成的影響。目前較常見改正系統誤差的方式為藉由航帶平差的方式進行處理，因此希望能藉由簡單的模型參數形成平差模式以測試對於系統誤差改正之情況。

　　本文以空載光達定位原理為基礎進而模擬點雲資料的產生以及分析各系統參數誤差對於點雲定位座標的影響。並將目前較為常見的航帶平差數學模式與控制點及共軛點的選取方法做一整理。並詳述三參數航帶平差模式的計算流程與平差計算時權值之給定方式，以及利用擬合特徵萃取平面參數以計算共軛點與控制點高程的計算方式。

　　在實驗部分藉由模擬資料對於三參數高程變形改正模式與三維正形轉換七參數模式分析其合適性。並同樣以模擬資料分析三參數航帶平差模式之效能。經由測試發現，使用簡單的模型參數能改正由系統參數誤差所引起的系統誤差，但並非能完全的改正。而三參數航帶平差模式對於航帶間高程系統誤差具有良好的改正能力。最後並以Optech ALTM3070空載雷射掃瞄儀所收集之實際空載光達資料進行三參數航帶平差，由結果發現，三參數航帶平差模式的確能降低因航帶系統誤差所造成航帶間共軛點高程不一致之情況。

　An airborne LIDAR system is an integration of GPS, INS, and laser scanner. It can obtain the accurate 3D coordinates and intensity data of scanned points. The major errors are systematical. Because the systematic errors will make the positioning offset so that the influences of systematic errors on points have to be realized and to deal properly with. The common way for correcting systematic errors is by strip adjustment. It wishes to test the result of the correction of the systematic errors by using adjustment model which is formed with simple geometric transformation models.

　Tracing back to the positioning theory of airborne LIDAR, in this thesis, tries to generate the simulated LIDAR data set and to analyze the influences of different systematic parameter error on the coordinates of points. Besides, the mathematical models of strip adjustment and the selecting of control points and conjugate points are introduced. The strip adjustment procedure and the way for giving weights and the height calculating of control points and conjugate points by extraction parameters of horizontal plane with fitting feature are also described as well.

　In experiment, it analyzes not only the suitability of height correction with three parameters and conformal transformation with seven parameters but the efficacy of strip adjustment with three parameters by simulated data set. The test results show that using simple geometric parameters of model can correct the systematic errors resulted from the system parameter errors. Besides, the ability of the strip adjustment with three parameters for correcting systematic height errors is well. Finally, it is by using the real data set obtained by Optech ALTM3070 for strip adjustment. From the results, it is proved that the height discrepancy caused by systematic errors between the conjugate points can be reduced by using strip adjustment with three parameters.

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