重金屬污染大多源自於人類活動所造成之工業廢棄物排放、農業活動及交通運輸等，對土壤、水源及生態系統造成嚴重的長期影響，這些污染物難以被進行降解，並且容易通過食物鏈積累進而威脅到人類的健康。現今對於環境中重金屬的修復行為，現有的整治方式包含化學、物理及生物修復，其中化學及物理修復之效用雖然有效，但成本往往過於高昂，且容易造成二次污染的風險，相對的生物修復在相較之下，植物修復技術利用植物吸收、轉移及穩定環境中之重金屬，具備環保、低成本及可持續性等優勢，是一種具有前瞻性的生態修復手段。
本研究旨在探索具高潛力的植物修復劑，探討不同種植物對於重金屬污染土壤的修復效果及重金屬在植物體內的遷移狀況，本研究收集台灣常見的9種野草植物：金腰箭(Synedrella nodiflora)、斷節莎(Cyperus odoratus)、長葉腎蕨(Nephrolepis biserrata)、含羞草(Mimosa pudica)、五彩芋(Caladium bicolor)、野牡丹(Melastoma malabathricum)、藿香薊(Ageratum conyzoides)、黃金葛(Epipremnum aureum)、小葉海金沙(Lygodium microphyllum)及其生長的表土土壤，其中各植物再依據部位細分為根部、莖幹、葉片三部分進行取樣。以王水進行消化後，藉由四極矩感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-QMS)分析樣品中環境潛在之重金屬含量，包含鉻、鎘、鎳、銅及鋅五種元素，並利用植物各器官與生長表土之元素濃度計算，以生物濃縮係數(Bioconcentration factor, BCF)大於1及轉移係數(Transfer factor, TF)小於1來評估植物進行環境修復與監測環境污染的潛力。
BCF>1，表示該植物對目標元素有累積性，適合作為植物修復劑，經BCF分析，野牡丹(1.71)及藿香薊(1.05)在修復鎘污染中有卓越的表現；在修復鋅元素中，本研究之6種野草植物皆有良好的BCF，且表現優良者分別為長葉腎蕨(2.23)、含羞草(2.22)、五彩芋(2.49)、野牡丹(1.44)與霍香薊(2.61)；銅元素的修復分析中得出金腰箭(1.95)、長葉腎蕨(1.35)與藿香薊(1.44)的優異表現，皆可作為植物修復劑潛力候選物種。
TF>1的植物表示其莖葉能有效轉移根部之目標元素，在本研究中，斷節莎、藿香薊及五彩芋之莖葉組織對鎘、鋅、銅元素皆有良好的轉移係數，而莖葉在整個整治過程種是最容易凋落的組織，且在凋落過程中，容易讓累積在其中的重金屬重新回到土壤中，讓重金屬的修復效果減益，甚至造成重金屬污染之擴散，故整治效果將受限制，而這些研究結果提高了我們對於植物修復污染土壤機制之行為有著重要的參考價值。
經BCF與TF之綜合評估，本研究中的9種野草對於鎳及鉻元素的修復成效不彰，而針對鎘、鋅及銅元素所得出修復表現卓越之物種，鎘污染可用野牡丹；鋅污染可用長葉腎蕨、含羞草及野牡丹；銅污染則可用金腰箭、長葉腎蕨及霍香薊作為植物修復劑。

Heavy metal pollution, originating from industrial emissions, agricultural activities, and transportation, causes severe long-term impacts on soil, water sources, and ecosystems. These pollutants are resistant to degradation, bioaccumulate through the food chain, and pose significant health risks to humans. Although current remediation methods like chemical treatment and physical restoration are effective, they are costly and pose risks of secondary pollution. In contrast, phytoremediation leverages plants to absorb, transfer, and stabilize heavy metals, offering eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable advantages, making it a promising ecological remediation technique. This study aims to explore high-potential phytoremediators and investigate the remediation efficiency of different plant species for heavy metal-contaminated soils and the translocation of heavy metals within plant tissues, to investigate the remediation effects of plant parts (roots, stems and leaves) on heavy metal contaminated soil. Nine species of wild weeds in Taiwan, namely, Synedrella nodiflora, Cyperus odoratus, Nephrolepis biserrata, Mimosa pudica, Caladium- bicolor, Melastoma malabathricum, Ageratum conyzoides, Epipremnum aureum, Lygodium- microphyllum, were collected. Roots, stems, leaves, and topsoil of each plant were digested with aqua regia, and analyzed for environment potential toxic heavy metals chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium by Quadrupole Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-QMS). The Bioconcentration factor and Transfer factor were calculated using the elemental concentrations in each tissue and the growing topsoil of the plants to evaluate the potential of the plants for phytoremediation and monitoring of environmental pollution.

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