本研究之目的在於建構一適合鐵路列車超額訂位之座位配置管理模式，其中考量列車乘客到站之隨機性下，使用不同超額訂位賠償策略之收益分析。透過數學規劃建立一個考量鐵路列車營運特性(如：可供佔位、多起迄站、需服務偏遠地區之乘客與乘客經常當天購票之行為等)，並導入超額訂位策略之座位配置管理模式。由於乘客訂位逾時未取票或是持票未報到搭車之情況、及發生座位超賣時的成本函數等，都是影響超額訂位限額的因素，因此其模式主要考量在於乘客未到站之不確定性的情況下，以不同超額訂位賠償策略分配最適開放訂位限制及適當地超賣座位以最大化之列車收益。此外，本研究也考量超額訂位後，發生座位衝突時對於多班列車之收益影響。最後本研究嘗試以即時分析模式規劃最適開放訂位限額。研究結果顯示：超額訂位策略確實能降低空位行駛，並提高列車收益，約整日收益之5-7%。而若是將超額訂位策略應用於主要需求之長程區間較能發揮超額訂位之效益。此外，非線性超額訂位賠償策略能限制超賣車票，避免損失過多無形成本。其中營運者可自由設定座位衝突之損益平衡點，調整可容納座位衝突旅客人數之多寡。至於即時分析模式僅適用於無導入超額訂位策略之模式。

The research aims to use mathematical programming to establish a railway seat allocation model with different overbooking compensation strategies, under random passengers’ show-ups. The model focuses on using different overbooking compensation strategies to allocate optimal booking limit and to maximize the revenue. Besides, the research analyze the effects of passenger’s seat bumping to the operation of next trains, and attempt to build a real-time analyses allocation model. The research model uses GAMS to solve the model with the solver CoinBonmin. The outcome of analyzes shows that overbooking strategies actually decrease the number of empty seat, and increase the total revenue of trains about 5-7%. And the implement the strategies on long distance sections with main demands enhance the benefits of overbooking. However, non-linear compensation strategy limits the model to oversell too many tickets, and keep off losing the compensation cost. The operation could set up the breaking even between seat bumping and overbooking. Finally, the real-time analyses allocation model is only suitable for non-overbooking model.

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