研究背景: 情感性疾患如憂鬱症與雙極症在一般族群中相當普遍，但國內探討家族聚集的家族研究仍然不多。
目的：探討台灣南部地區憂鬱症與雙極症在人口學特徵與症狀的分佈情形，及憂鬱症與雙極症的社交關係表現在家族中分佈以及聚集的狀況，並評估家屬所提供患者在疾病表現症狀的資訊對於診斷的影響。
材料與方法：透過家族研究設計，在南部三家區域醫院及診所收取指標個案及其家屬，一共689位受訪者，包含290位個案及399位家屬納入研究。經受訪者同意後以國際診斷會談 (CIDI)進行一對一面訪，並根據訪談內容做最佳的診斷。情感性疾患在社交關係的家族聚集由 混和模式 (mixed models)、組內相關係數 (ICC)評估。家屬與患者提供的疾病表現資訊由結構方程式之測量模型 (measurement model) 評估。
結果：研究樣本中，憂鬱症與雙極症表現出不同的人口學變項與臨床表徵。憂鬱症女性約為男性兩倍，雙極症男女比率約為一比一。憂鬱症患者的結婚率高於雙極症。情感性疾患中約有九成社經地位較低。雙極症發病年齡較憂鬱症早，且發作次數較頻繁。患者的功能損傷越嚴重則越少與朋友聯絡。重鬱症與雙極症在對於親屬與朋友的社交依賴上皆存在家族聚集現象(p<0.0001, ICC=0.14)。憂鬱症患者的一等親、配偶與患者本身回報相似數量的憂鬱症症狀，但雙極症患者的一等親與配偶較患者本身提供更多的躁症症狀資訊。一等親與配偶較指標個案能夠觀察到在體重改變與無判斷力等憂鬱症狀以及除躁動心情外之其他躁症症狀。
結論：在台灣憂鬱症與雙極症是一種嚴重的疾病且在社交關係存在家族聚集現象。家屬能夠提供較患者更多的憂鬱與躁症發作的症狀資訊。

Background: Affective disorders, mainly depressive (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BPD, including BP I and BP II) are common in the general population. However, little is known about their clinical characteristics, symptoms presentation, and familial aggregation.
Objects: To investigate the demographic features and the distribution of symptoms for MDD, BP I, and BP II families in the Southern Taiwan using a family study design, and to evaluate the familial aggregation on social relation in the three diagnoses.
Materials and method: There were 689 participants, including 290 probands and 399 relatives ascertained from three regional hospitals or clinics in the Southern Taiwan from 2008 to 2009. Participants were interviewed by well-trained interviewers using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to collect data on demographic and clinical features. Information on proband‘s symptoms endorsement was also obtained from family members. Familial aggregation on social relationship was evaluated by mixed models and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The symptoms endorsement provided by proband and family members was examined using measurement models.
Results: The males to females ratio in MDD was twice as many females as males, and was equally prevalent in BPD. MDD patients had higher proportion as married than BPD. About ninety percent of mood disorder patients had low socioeconomic status. BPD had early onset age and more depressive/manic episode frequency than MDD. Probands with severer impairments tended to have fewer contact with friends. There exhibited familial aggregation in social dependence (p<0.0001, ICC=0.14). Similar numbers of depressive symptoms were reported by MDD proband and their family members. The most frequently cited symptoms by first-degree relatives and spouse in MDD were weight change and indecisive. BPD‘s family members provided more manic symptoms than those reported from proband. First-degree relatives and spouse provided more information than proband in all manic symptoms, except for mental overactivity.
Conclusions: MDD and BPD are serious diseases with familial aggregation on social relation in Taiwan. Family members provided extra information in understanding symptoms presentation of depressive and manic episodes, especially in BPD.

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