有氧舞蹈是非常盛行的有氧運動之一，參與有氧舞蹈不僅可以增進心肺功能，尚且具有心理層面的效益。然而有氧舞蹈所造成臨床上的運動傷害也越來越多，過去許多相 關的研究和調查指出，有氧舞蹈最常見的傷害部位在下肢，發生頻率最高的傷害種類是過度使用的傷害。藉由生物力學的研究，探究造成有氧舞蹈傷害的原因及影響的機轉，到目前為止並沒有直接的危險因素和傷害機轉是被證實的。而且先前有關生物力學和有氧舞蹈的研究，大部份著重在地面反作用力所造成的衝擊力，鮮少研究是針對下肢的關節負荷去加以探討的。因此本研究的目的在探討（1）階梯有氧採行不同衝擊程度，對於下肢關節運動學和動力學的影響。（2）評估階梯有氧基本動作對於下肢關節運動學和動力學的影響。本研究利用以影像為基礎的運動分析系統，取得肢體在運動中之三度空間軌跡，共安置十九個反光標記於人體下肢各肢段具有解剖意義之位置，經由攝影機擷取反光標記軌跡來替代人體之運動軌跡，結合測力板量測地面反作用力分析階梯有氧對於下肢關節負荷的影響。研究結果發現，低衝擊和高衝擊階梯有氧舞蹈的關節角度、受力和力矩有明顯的差異（p<.05）。曼波動作的關節受力是四種動作裡比較低的，L字步在低衝擊的踝關節外向剪力比其它動作大0.9-1.7 N/kg，踢步在低衝擊的膝關節前向剪力比後勾和L字步還小。L字步使用髖關節內收肌群比其它動作還大，主要是保持動作的平衡。踝關節在高衝擊曼波動作跳上階時有內翻動作，也是內翻力矩最大的時候。後勾和踢步在髖關節屈曲力矩、膝關節的伸展力矩和踝關節的背屈力矩比曼波和L字步還大。有氧舞蹈教練要注重髖關節內收肌群、股四頭肌、腿後肌、踝關節內翻肌群、背屈肌群和蹠屈肌群的訓練。初學者或是骨骼肌肉有問題者先從低衝擊階梯有氧舞蹈開始，低衝擊的曼波與踢步比較適合，高衝擊曼波應避免。

Aerobic dance has become a popular exercise in the past decades. The reason why the aerobic dance is popular is that aerobic dance benefits us both physically and mentally. Nonetheless, there appears to be a growing concern about clinical injury problems caused by aerobic dance activity. Studies of aerobic dance injuries have indicated the most frequent injuries occurring to the lower extremity by overuse. Up to now, the mechanism and risk factors to lower extremity injury in aerobic dance haven’t been well identified nor proved. In the previously biomechanical studies about aerobic dance, most of the surveys focused on impact caused by ground reaction force, but the information on joint loading was limited. The aims of the proposed research are to evaluate: 1) the effects of different levels of impact on the joint kinematics and kinetics of lower limb; 2) the joint kinematics and kinetics in four different basic movements. The motion capture system will be used to register the landmark’s trajectories of human body when step aerobic dance is performed. The methodology involves motion performance analysis using retro-reflective markers. Nineteen retro-reflective markers will be placed on selected anatomic landmarks to define the coordinate system of pelvis, thigh, shank and foot. The ground reaction forces of each foot will be measured by the use of force plates. The results showed that there were significant differences on the joint angle, joint force and joint moment between high impact and low impact (p<.05). The joint force in mambo movement was the smaller than the other three movements, and the ankle lateral force in L step movement was 0.9-1.7 N/kg larger than others during low impact. The knee anterior force in kick was lower than leg curl and L step movements duing low impact. And the movement of L step needed adductors to maintain balance. In the mambo movement of high impact, there were ankle inversion and maximal ankle inversion moment at the step ascent phase. Hip flexor, knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor were higher in leg curl and kick movement than in the other two movements. The aerobic instructors should emphasize the training of hip adductors, quadriceps, hamstring, plantarflexors, dorsiflexors and ankle inversion muscles. The beginners and those who have musculoskeletal problem ought to avoid learning movement of high impact mambo at the beginning but learn movement of low impact kick and mambo first.

一、中文部分
王思宜、黃長福（民91）。高、低衝擊有氧舞蹈與階梯有氧之生物力學分析。體育學報, 33, 125-136。
曾玉寬 （民90）。 階梯有氧地面反作用力及下肢肌電活動之探討。未出版之碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。.
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