Background: Health literacy is a key determinant in successful management of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients with inadequate health literacy fail to attend regular dialysis, limit ability to adhere to pharmacological therapies, dietary and fluid restrictions, and associate with a higher risk of mortality. Evaluating health literacy and related factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis might be a solution to provide effective health education and obtain better health outcomes.
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore health literacy and to examine the influence of personal behaviors on health literacy after controlling for demographic and disease characteristic factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Vietnam.
Methods: A cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 123 patients undergoing hemodialysis was recruited from the hemodialysis units in one hospital in Hai Duong from July to September 2018. Health literacy was assessed by using the Comprehensive Short-Form Health Literacy 12 Items Questionnaire (HL-SF12). Descriptive statistics were used to describe levels of health literacy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis identified the influence of personal behaviors on health literacy after controlling for demographic and disease characteristic factors.
Results: The mean of general health literacy score was 27.89 ± 9.01. Among health literacy’s domains, health promotion health literacy had the highest mean score (33.74 ± 11.11), following by disease prevention health literacy (25.23 ± 9.98) and health care health literacy (24.93 ± 11.79). The prevalence of patients with limited health literacy was approximately 72%. Health literacy was significant positively associated with educational levels, watching health-related TV programs, and health information seeking on the Internet. Overall, 41.1% of the health literacy was explained by educational levels, watching health-related TV programs and health information seeking on the Internet.
Conclusions: Limited health literacy is a common problem among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Watching health-related TV programs and health information seeking on the Internet are potential predictors that can be modified in order to improve health literacy. By understanding the current state of health literacy and associated factors, health care providers can deliver health information in ways which are understandable and usable for all patients.

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