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研究生： 陳毓宏
Chen, Yu-Hung
論文名稱： 在H.264上依量化參數決定的模式決策演算法
A Quantisation Parameter Adaptive Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264
指導教授： 戴顯權
Tai, Shen-Chuan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電腦與通信工程研究所
Institute of Computer & Communication Engineering
論文出版年： 2005
畢業學年度： 93
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 80
中文關鍵詞： 視訊 、動作估計 、模式決策
外文關鍵詞： Video, H.264, AVC, Motion Estimation, Mode Decision, SDBS, QPAMD
相關次數： 點閱：87  下載：1 
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    • 　　H.264在編碼效能上遠勝過MPEG-4 Visual，然而和舊有的標準相比，它有過高運算複雜度的問題。在這份論文中，我們提出兩個有效率的方案來降低H.264編碼端的運算量。第一個方案被稱之為以小菱形為基礎的快速搜尋演算法(SDBS) - 一個用來做整數像素動作向量估計的快速方塊匹配演算法。SDBS演算法內部隱含多種不同的搜尋機制，而且它在任何程度的空間及動作量的影片上都能保有穩定的效能。另一個方案則是被稱為依量化參數決定的模式決策演算法(QPAMD)。它是被用來判斷目前畫面間模式(Inter Mode)的預測結果是否夠好，使得接下來的畫面間模式不必再被調查而可提早結束(提早終止階段)，或者是預測出哪些畫面間預測模式是無效益的並且省略掉對它們的調查(模式選擇階段)。實驗結果顯示，在結合SDBS與QPAMD的環境下可以得到大約是244倍 (針對CIF格式影片)或147倍(針對CCIR-601格式影片)的加速，同時在編碼效能上只會有輕微的PSNR降低或少許位元率的增加。

    H.264 can out-perform MPEG-4 Visual in compression efficiency but it has too higher computational complexity when compared to the older standards. In this Thesis, two efficient schemes are proposed to reduce the computation load of the H.264 encoder. The first one is called small diamond based search (SDBS), a fast block-matching algorithm, which will be applied in integer-pixel motion estimation. The SDBS algorithm consists of multiple different search strategies and could achieve stable performance over any different class of spatial detail and temporal motion videos. The other one is called quantisation parameter adaptive mode decision (QPAMD) algorithm, which is used to determine whether the prediction results of the current Inter mode is good enough to omit the investigations of the remaining Inter modes or not (in Early Termination stage), or to find the ineffective Inter predition modes and omit the investigations of them (in Mode Selection stage). The experimental results show the combination of SDBS and QPAMD could achieve a speed-up factor about 244 (for CIF format sequences) or 147 (for CCIR-601 sequences) while a slightly PSNR degradation or bitrate increase with regard to coding efficiency.

    LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Video Compression 1 1.2 Problems in Implementation of H.264 Encoder 2 1.3 Organization of This Thesis 3 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO H.264/AVC ENCODER 4 2.1 Overview of H.264/AVC Coding Standard 4 2.1.1 Profiles and Levels 5 2.1.2 Variable Block Size Motion Compensation 6 2.1.3 Multiple Reference Frames Motion Compensation 7 2.2 Overview of the Motion Estimation Algorithms for H.264 7 2.2.1 Initial Search Point Prediction for Fast Search 8 2.2.2 Fast Integer Pixel Motion Estimation – UMHexagonS 10 2.2.2.1 Unsymmertical-Cross Search 10 2.2.2.2 Uneven Multi-Hexagonal-Grid Search 12 2.2.2.3 Extended Hexagon-based Search (EHS) 13 2.2.2.4 Early Termination for UMHexagonS 14 2.2.3 Center Biased Fractional Search (CBFPS) Algorithm 14 2.2.4.1 Introduction to Fractional Pixel Motion Estimation 14 2.2.4.2 Hierarchical Fractional Pixel Search (HFPS) Algorithm 15 2.2.4.3 Description of the CBFS Algorithm 16 2.3 Fast Mode Decision Algorithm in JVT Test Model 18 2.3.1 SKIP Mode Decision at Early Stage 19 2.3.2 Selective Intra Mode Decision 19 CHAPTER 3 A NEW FAST SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR MOTION ESTIMATION 22 3.1 The Concept of Small Diamond Domain 22 3.2 Small Diamond-based Search (SDBS) Algorithm 24 3.3.1 Initial Search Pattern 24 3.3.2 Hirerarchical Motion Search Strategy 24 3.3.3 Extended Small Diamond-based Search 27 3.3.4 Handshaking Search Strategy 27 3.3.5 Motion Adaptive Prediction 29 3.3 Experimental Results 30 CHAPTER 4 THE PROPOSED MODE DECISION ALGORITHM 35 4.1 Overview of the Proposed Mode Decision Algorithm 35 4.2 Observations and Analysis on the Residual Data 37 4.2.1 4 × 4 Residual Transform in H.264 37 4.2.2 Pixel-wise QP-adaptive Threshold 39 4.2.3 Block-wise QP-adaptive Threshold 41 4.3 Description of QP-Adaptive Mode Decision Algorithm 42 4.3.1 Early Termination 43 4.3.2 Mode Selection 47 CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 51 5.1 Assessment 51 5.2 Experiments on CIF Test Sequences 53 5.3 Experiments on CCIR-601 Test Sequences 63 5.4 Experiments under Fast High Complexity in JVT 66 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS 76 REFERENCE 77 BIOGRAPHY 80

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