隨著人口老化，如何提升老年人的生活品質受到重視。健康是影響生活品質重要因子之一，藉由生理、心理、社會健康指標之量測可得知老年人的健康狀態。然而，老年人的多重共病及具有異質化的健康特性，如何完整的量測及描述其健康狀態成為一大挑戰，全人健康量測的概念因而日益受到重視。
目前運用全人健康指標探討與生活品質的關係研究較少，且過去對於哪一類健康指標對生活品質的影響較大，在文獻上也相對缺乏。本研究目的為使用多面向健康指標了解老年人的健康狀態，並結合全人健康的概念與測量探究健康指標與生活品質的關係，進而找出影響生活品質的重要健康指標及相關因素。
本研究為橫斷式研究，採量化研究的結構式問卷，針對65歲以上老年人進行問卷調查。研究工具乃使用台南市政府之「100年度老人生活狀況及福利需求調查」之次級資料進行研究分析，共計取得有效樣本數為2118份。研究變項分為社會人口學特性、健康指標與生活品質。生理健康指標使用慢性病罹病數、基本日常生活活動功能(Bathel Index)、工具性日常生活活動功能(Lawton-Brody IADL scale)；心理健康指標使用認知功能(SPMSQ)與憂鬱狀況(GDS-15)；社會健康指標使用社會網絡、社會參與、志工服務、社會支持；生活品質測量則使用台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷(WHOQOL-BREF)。
研究結果顯示社區老年人生理範疇生活品質平均12.20分，心理範疇12.72分，社會範疇13.47分，環境範疇13.67分，以環境範疇得分最高，生理範疇分數最低。除罹病數外，ADL、IADL、認知、憂鬱、社會網絡、社會參與、志工活動、社會支持均與各範疇生活品質相關。迴歸分析中發現，ADL、認知、憂鬱、社會網絡、社會參與、志工活動、社會支持為影響生活品質之因子。健康指標中以憂鬱與社會支持為影響生活品質最重要的影響因子，憂鬱與生活品質呈負相關，憂鬱程度愈高者，生活品質愈差；社會支持與生活品質呈正相關，社會支持愈好者其生活品質愈高。
性別上，女性健康與生活品質均較男性差。在生活品質重要影響因子中，男性生理範疇與社會範疇生活品質重要影響因子為憂鬱，心理範疇與環境範疇生活品質重要影響因子為社會支持；女性心理範疇生活品質重要影響因子為憂鬱，生理範疇、社會範疇、環境範疇生活品質重要影響因子為社會支持。
依據全人健康概念，社區老年人健康可以分為四類，分別為相對健康、高罹病、功能缺損、衰弱，不同健康類別對於生活品質有顯著的影響。
根據此研究結果，我們可以了解憂鬱與社會支持為社區老年人生活品質提升的重要因子，生活品質的影響因子有性別上的差異，以及全人健康與生活品質的關係。建議未來提升老年人生活品質相關政策或措施時，應著重於老年人的心理健康與社會健康，避免憂鬱症的發生，並加強重視老年人社會支持體系的建構。在相關生活品質議題上亦須加入性別差異之觀點，並推動全人健康指標在政策應用上的概念。

Recently, quality of life (QOL) is an important issue for elderly people. Health status of elderly people would significantly influence their quality of life. Health status can be measured by physical, psychological, and social health indicators. So far, it is not clear that what kinds of health indicators impact quality of life in elderly people mostly. Since the health heterogeneity of elderly people, it is also difficult to use only one health indicator to describe their health status comprehensively. Based on the emphasis of holistic health measurements, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between health indicators and quality of life among elderly people. The multiple health indicators and other related factors which influenceon quality of life will also be examined in the study.
This study was a cross-sectional survey design with structured questionnaires. To analyze a sample of community dwellings aged 65 and over in a citywide survey regarding their living conditions and social welfare needs in Tainan. Research variables include social-demographic characteristics, health indicators (physical health, psychological health, social health, and holistic health classification indicators) and quality of life.
The results showed that GDS-15 for examining depressive tendency and social support are the most important factors in four domains of QOL. In the holistic health classification indicators, there were four classifications includingtherelatively healthy, high cormobidities, functional impaired, and frail group.
According to these results, depression and social support are the most important factors that influence the quality of life of elderly people. It is suggested thatmorefocus on psychological and social health and to promote the concept of holistic health could be helpful to enhance the quality of life of elderly people.

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