從2010年起，台灣西南部共發生了三起規模大於6的中規模地震，分別是2010年的甲仙地震、2012年的霧台地震及2016年的美濃地震。這三個中規模地震的共通點為:都發生在中下部地殼的深度、皆為西北西走向北傾的斷層面且為左移帶有逆衝分量的震源機制解。2016年美濃地震的餘震不只集中在主震區域，也延伸到了30公里外的台南地區。另外我們也利用Matched Filter Technique (MFT)將此區域在美濃地震這段期間的地震數目從2,012個增加到6,636個地震，這些沒被偵測到的地震可能因為低訊噪比或地震振幅小而被忽視。根據三維波形的雙差分定位之結果，在美濃地區的主餘震可分為兩種破裂模式。包含主震的地震群主要沿著非常平緩的面破裂，傾角大致與初動解的震源機制解一致，大約是10˚；另一種則是沿著一高角度破裂的面，都是以正斷層機制為主。再者，台南地區的地震都集中在23-26公里且伸張軸垂直於變形前緣，我們推測可能是發生在隱沒板塊上部邊界的地震。另外中央山脈幾群深度小於10公里的地震，發現其伸張軸幾乎垂直於主震的擠壓軸，我們推測觸發的原因是因為中央山脈的地震位在美濃地震斷層面的上盤，由於主震的擠壓使得在上盤的後半造成伸張。最後，在外海的構造例如0211地震序列，都是正斷層的活動，代表了這些舊有的正斷層尚未受到板塊擠壓的影響而反轉。我們認為這些中規模、有著相似機制解且都在中下部地殼的地震都是以前既有的正斷層的反轉再活動，且與位在台灣西南部的旗山轉換斷層帶(ChiTFZ)有關；另外在台南及外海的區域則可能都還是既有的正斷層受到美濃地震的影響觸發的活動。這些台灣西南部的地震序列都是基盤參與變形的證據。

Three moderate earthquakes occurred in southwestern Taiwan in the last 7 years all displayed mid- to lower- crustal focal depth, similar focal mechanisms with NWW striking, north dipping plane and ENE-WSW compression. The aftershocks of the 2016 Meinong earthquake were not only restricted to the main shock area, but also reached as far as 30 km away in the Tainan area. According to waveform-HypoDD result, earthquakes in the mainshock area displayed two clusters with different faulting style. One included the mainshock ruptured along a shallow dipping fault plane, which is consistent with the dip of mainshock focal mechanism, about 10˚ at initial rupture, and the other showed normal faulting on a north steep dipping plane. Events in Tainan all concentrated at 23-26 km depth and we inferred that these events as the subduction interface seismicity. Moreover, the T-axis of seismicity in Central Range is sub-parallel to the P-axis of mainshock, which indicating the extension on hanging wall of mainshock fault. The offshore events presented normal faulting that implying the activation of pre-existing normal faults and the area was still undeformed by convergence. We conclude that these mid-crust earthquake sequences occurred with similar focal mechanisms were resulted from the inversion of inherited normal fault, which is likely to be connected to the Chishan transfer fault zone (ChiTFZ) in the southwestern Taiwan fold-and-thrust belt, the offshore structures represent the activation of pre-existing normal fault which triggered by the Meinong earthquake. These moderate earthquakes sequences are evidently basement-involved thrust faulting events in southwestern Taiwan.

薩宜光 (2004)，南部中央山脈之地震活動性探討，國立成功大學地球科學系碩士論文。
Angelier, J., E. Barrier, and H. T. Chu (1986), Plate collision and paleostress trajectories in a fold-thrust belt: the foothills of Taiwan, Tectonophysics, 125(1-3), 161-178.
Bonilla, M. G. (1975), A review of recently active faults in Taiwan Rep. 2331-1258, US Geological Survey.
Chen, C. H., H. H. Huang, W. A. Chao, Y. M. Wu, and C. H. Chang (2013), Re-Examining Source Parameters of the 2012 Wutai, Taiwan Earthquake, Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 24, 827-835, doi:10.3319/tao.2013.05.30.01(t.
Ching, K.-E., K. M. Johnson, R.-J. Rau, R. Y. Chuang, L.-C. Kuo, and P.-L. Leu (2011), Inferred fault geometry and slip distribution of the 2010 Jiashian, Taiwan, earthquake is consistent with a thick-skinned deformation model, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 301(1-2), 78-86, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.021.
Chiang, P.-H., Y.-J. Hsu, and W.-L. Chang (2016), Fault modeling of the 2012 Wutai, Taiwan earthquake and its tectonic implications, Tectonophysics, 666, 66-75, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2015.10.015.
Chu, A., F. P. Schoenberg, P. Bird, D. D. Jackson, and Y. Y. Kagan (2011), Comparison of ETAS parameter estimates across different global tectonic zones, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101(5), 2323-2339.
Deffontaines, B., O. Lacombe, J. Angelier, H. T. Chu, F. Mouthereau, C. T. Lee, J. Deramond, J. F. Lee, M. S. Yu, and P. M. Liew (1997), Quaternary transfer faulting in the Taiwan Foothills: evidence from a multisource approach, Tectonophysics, 274, 61-82.
Gutenberg, B., and C. F. Richter (1944), Frequency of earthquakes in California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 34(4), 185-188.
Got, J. L., J. Fréchet, and F. W. Klein (1994), Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath the south flank of Kilauea, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 99(B8), 15375-15386.
Hardebeck, J. L., and P. M. Shearer (2002), A New Method for Determining First-Motion Focal Mechanisms, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 2264-2276.
Hardebeck, J. L., and P. M. Shearer (2003), Using S/P Amplitude Ratios to Constrain the Focal Mechanisms of Small Earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93.
Huang, H. H., Y. M. Wu, X. Song, C. H. Chang, S. J. Lee, T. M. Chang, and H. H. Hsieh (2014), Joint Vp and Vs tomography of Taiwan: Implications for subduction-collision orogeny, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 392, 177-191, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.026.
Huang, H. H., Y. M. Wu, T. L. Lin, W. A. Chao, J. B. H. Shyu, C.-H. Chan, and C. H. Chang (2011), The Preliminary Study of the 4 March 2010 Mw 6.3 Jiasian, Taiwan Earthquake Sequence, Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 22, 283-290, doi:10.3319/tao.2010.12.13.01
Kagan, Y. Y. (2004), Short-term properties of earthquake catalogs and models of earthquake source, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94(4), 1207-1228.
Kagan, Y. Y., and H. Houston (2005), Relation between mainshock rupture process and Omori’s law for aftershock moment release rate, Geophysical Journal International, 163(3), 1039-1048.
Kisslinger, C., and L. M. Jones (1991), Properties of aftershock sequences in southern California, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B7), 11947-11958.
Lacombe, O., J. Angelier, H.-W. Chen, B. Deffontaines, H.-T. Chu, and M. Rocher (1997), Syndepositional tectonics and extension-compression relationships at the front of the Taiwan collision belt: a case study in the Pleistocene reefal limestones near Kaohsiung, SW Taiwan, Tectonophysics, 274(1-3), 83-96.
Lacombe, O., F. Mouthereau, B. Deffontaines, J. Angelier, H. Chu, and C. Lee (1999), Geometry and Quaternary kinematics of fold‐and‐thrust units of southwestern Taiwan, Tectonics, 18(6), 1198-1223.
Lacombe, O., F. Mouthereau, J. Angelier, and B. Deffontaines (2001), Structural, geodetic and seismological evidence for tectonic escape in SW taiwan, Tectonophysics, 333, 323-345.
Lacombe, O., and N. Bellahsen (2016), Thick-skinned tectonics and basement-involved fold–thrust belts: insights from selected Cenozoic orogens, Geological Magazine, 153(5-6), 763-810, doi:10.1017/s0016756816000078.
Lee, S.-J., L. Mozziconacci, W.-T. Liang, Y.-J. Hsu, W.-G. Huang, and B.-S. Huang (2013), Source complexity of the 4 March 2010 Jiashian, Taiwan, Earthquake determined by joint inversion of teleseismic and near field data, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 64, 14-26, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.11.018.
Lee, S. J., T. Y. Yeh, and Y. Y. Lin (2016), Anomalously Large Ground Motion in the 2016ML 6.6 Meinong, Taiwan, Earthquake: A Synergy Effect of Source Rupture and Site Amplification, Seismological Research Letters, 87(6), 1319-1326, doi:10.1785/0220160082.
Lin, A. T., and A. B. Watts (2002), Origin of the West Taiwan basin by orogenic loading and flexure of a rifted continental margin, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 107(B9), ETG 2-1-ETG 2-19, doi:10.1029/2001jb000669.
Lin, A. T., A. B. Watts, and S. P. Hesselbo (2003), Cenozoic stratigraphy and subsidence history of the South China Sea margin in the Taiwan region, Basin Research, 15(4), 453-478, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00215.x.
Liu, C.-S., I. L. Huang, and L. S. Teng (1997), Structural features off southwestern Taiwan, Marine Geology, 137(3-4), 305-319.
Lin, C.-H., Y.-H. Yeh, and Y. B. Tsai (1985), Determination of regional principal stress directions in Taiwan from fault plane solutions, Bull Inst. Earth Sci, 5, 105-107.
Lolli, B., and P. Gasperini (2006), Comparing different models of aftershock rate decay: The role of catalog incompleteness in the first times after main shock, Tectonophysics, 423(1), 43-59.
Mignan, A., and J. Woessner (2012), Estimating the magnitude of completeness for earthquake catalogs, Community Online Resource for Statistical Seismicity Analysis, doi: 10.5078/corssa-00180805, edited.
Mikumo, T., and T. Miyatake (1979), Earthquake sequences on a frictional fault model with non-uniform strengths and relaxation times, Geophysical Journal International, 59(3), 497-522.
Mogi, K. (1962), Study of the Elastic Shocks Caused by the Fracture of Heterogeneous Materials and Its Relation to Earthquakes Phenomena, Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, 40, 125-173.
Mogi, K. (1962), Magnitude-frequency relation for elastic shocks accompanying fractures of various materials and some related problems in earthquakes (2nd paper).
Mouthereau, F., O. Lacombe, B. Deffontaines, J. Angelier, and S. Brusset (2001), Deformation history of the southwestern Taiwan foreland thrust belt: insights from tectono-sedimentary analyses and balanced cross-sections, Tectonophysics, 333(1), 293-318.
Mouthereau, F., B. Deffontaines, O. Lacombe, and J. Angelier (2002), Variations along the strike of the Taiwan thrust belt: Basement control on structural style, wedge geometry, and kinematics, Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 31-54.
Mouthereau, F. (2003), Rheology and strength of the Eurasian continental lithosphere in the foreland of the Taiwan collision belt: Constraints from seismicity, flexure, and structural styles, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(B11), doi:10.1029/2002jb002098.
Mouthereau, F., and O. Lacombe (2006), Inversion of the Paleogene Chinese continental margin and thick-skinned deformation in the Western Foreland of Taiwan, Journal of Structural Geology, 28(11), 1977-1993.
Morris, A., D. A. Ferrill, and D. B. Henderson (1996), Slip-tendency analysis and fault reactivation, Geology, 24(3), 275-278.
Neves, M., L. T. Paiva, and J. Luis (2009), Software for slip-tendency analysis in 3D: A plug-in for Coulomb, Computers & Geosciences, 35(12), 2345-2352.
Omori, F. (1894), On the aftershocks of earthquakes, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 7, 111–200.
Peng, Z., J. E. Vidale, M. Ishii, and A. Helmstetter (2007), Seismicity rate immediately before and after main shock rupture from high‐frequency waveforms in Japan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B3).
Peng, Z., and P. Zhao (2009), Migration of early aftershocks following the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 2(12), 877-881, doi:10.1038/ngeo697.
Poupinet, G., W. Ellsworth, and J. Frechet (1984), Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets: An application to the Calaveras Fault, California, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89(B7), 5719-5731.
Rau, R.-J., J.-C. Lee, K.-E. Ching, Y.-H. Lee, T. B. Byrne, and R.-Y. Chen (2012), Subduction-continent collision in southwestern Taiwan and the 2010 Jiashian earthquake sequence, Tectonophysics, 578, 107-116, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.013.
Scholz, C. (1968), The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 58(1), 399-415.
Schorlemmer, D., S. Wiemer, and M. Wyss (2004), Earthquake statistics at Parkfield: 1. Stationarity of b values, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109(B12).
Shelly, D. R., G. C. Beroza, and S. Ide (2007), Non-volcanic tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms, Nature, 446(7133), 305-307.
Suppe, J. (1986), Reactivated normal faults in the western Taiwan fold-and-thrust belt, Mem. Geol. Soc. China, 7, 187-200.
Taylor, B., and D. E. Hayes (1983), Origin and history of the South China Sea basin, The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Part 2, 23-56.
Trivedi, P. C. (2015), Application of Omori’s Decay Law to the 2001 Bhuj Aftershock Sequence for Kachchh Region of Western India, Open Journal of Earthquake Research, 4(03), 94.
Toda, S., R. S. Stein, V. Sevilgen, and J. Lin (2011), Coulomb 3.3 graphic-rich deformation and stress-change software for earthquake, tectonic, and volcano research and teaching-user guideRep. 2331-1258, US Geological Survey.
Utsu, T., Y. Ogata, and S. Ritsuko (1995), The centenary of the Omori formula for a decay law of aftershock activity, Journal of Physics of the Earth, 43(1), 1-33.
Waldhauser (2000), A Double-Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
Waldhauser, F., and W. L. Ellsworth (2001), HypoDD: a computer Program to compute double-difference hypocenter locations, US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 01-113.
Wiemer, S., and M. Wyss (2000), Minimum magnitude of completeness in earthquake catalogs: Examples from Alaska, the western United States, and Japan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90(4), 859-869.
Wu, F. T. (1978), Recent tectonics of Taiwan, Journal of Physics of the Earth, 26(Supplement), S265-S299.
Wu, Y. M., C. H. Chang, L. Zhao, J. B. H. Shyu, Y. G. Chen, K. Sieh, and J. P. Avouac (2007), Seismic tomography of Taiwan: Improved constraints from a dense network of strong motion stations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112(B8).
Wu, J., D. Yao, X. Meng, Z. Peng, J. Su, and F. Long (2017), Spatial‐temporal evolutions of early aftershocks following the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.
Yang, K.-M., R.-J. Rau, H.-Y. Chang, C.-Y. Hsieh, H.-H. Ting, S.-T. Huang, J.-C. Wu, and Y.-J. Tang (2016), The role of basement-involved normal faults in the recent tectonics of western Taiwan, Geological Magazine, 153(5-6), 1166-1191, doi:10.1017/s0016756816000637.
Yeh, Y. H., E. Barrier, C.-H. Lin, and J. Angelier (1991), Stress tensor analysis in the Taiwan area from focal mechanisms of earthquakes, Tectonophysics, 200(1-3), 267-280.
Yu, S. B., H. Y. Chen, and L. C. Kuo (1997), Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area, Tectonophysics, 274(1), 41-59.
Yu, H. S. (1994), Structure, stratigraphy and basin subsidence of Tertiary basins along the Chinese southeastern continental margin, Tectonophysics, 235(1-2), 63-76.
Žalohar, J., and M. Vrabec (2007), Paleostress analysis of heterogeneous fault-slip data: the Gauss method, Journal of Structural Geology, 29(11), 1798-1810.
Žalohar, J., and M. Vrabec (2008), Combined kinematic and paleostress analysis of fault-slip data: The Multiple-slip method, Journal of Structural Geology, 30(12), 16