NF-κB/IκBα複體是調控發炎及下游免疫相關基因重要的因子之一，屬於先天性免疫，讓魚類身處充滿外來病原菌的水中也不會因為沒有如哺乳動物完全的後天免疫而無法抵抗外來環境的變遷。因此本研究首先自點帶石斑魚體選殖出IκBα基因序列，共有924個鹼基對，可被轉譯出308個胺基酸。以即時聚合酶鏈式反應分析顯示，NF-κB與IκBα廣泛表現於各組織中，在受到NNV的感染後則會在大腦、頭腎及肝臟有表現量增高的情形，而游離的IκBα蛋白表現主要位於免疫臟器中。另一方面，p65與p50受到低溫的影響，會在短時間內表現量上升9.6及6.2倍，而後逐漸降低，而受到高溫刺激，表現量則會逐漸上升。然而當同時在高溫及NNV的環境下，NF-κB與IκBα的表現量上升現象則會較為延遲。綜合上述結果，魚體受到NNV的感染或環境溫度的變化後，NF-κB/IκBα複體會調節基因變化，進而去抑制過度的發炎反應，因應環境變化使石斑魚生存機率提高，因此NF-κB/IκBα複體可能為石斑魚對於對抗外在壓力的先天性免疫機制之重要調控角色。

One of the important transcription factors in innate immunity, NF-κB/IκBα complex, which can translocate to nucleus to bind to the promoter, and regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine gene to modulate immune responses and defeat pathogens, protect fish from pathogens infection in water even without a sound adaptive immunity like mammals. In this study, the open reading frame cDNA of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) IκBα were cloned with 924 bp and encoded 308 amino acids. From the real-time PCR analysis, it showed that NF-κB and IκBα widely expressed in various organs, while under nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection, they mainly expressed in brain, head kidney and liver; however, dissociated IκBα protein expressed in immune organs under NNV infection. On the other hand, the expression of p65 and p50 showed 9.6-fold and 6.2-fold up-regulated at short time and gradually down-regulated under low temperature while gradually up-regulated under high temperature. However, under high temperature as well as NNV-infected, NF-κB and IκBα revealed delayed up-regulation compared to non-infected group. Taken together, in orange-spotted grouper, NF-κB/IκBα complex regulates gene changes under NNV infection or changes in environmental temperature, which in turn may inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and increase the survival of grouper. Therefore, the NF-κB/IκBα complex may play a significantly regulatory role in the innate immune mechanism of grouper against environmental stress.

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